Despite the popularity of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in behavioral research and the interest in the role of negative affect in cardiovascular disease, few studies have examined the prevalence and cardiovascular effects of mood states on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate during everyday life. Those that have done this have used suboptimal analytic techniques. The present analysis is based on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) readings from 246 normotensive subjects who are part of an ongoing worksite study. Subjects were asked to report their position, location, activity, mood, and social interaction at the time of each BP reading. The data are analyzed by a multilevel random effects model based on a repeated measures ANO VA. The initial analysis evaluates the effects of position (standing, sitting, reclining) and location (home, work, other). The BP changes associated with position are relatively large (8–12 mm Hg) and stable across individuals, while those for location are modest (2–4 mm Hg) and show considerable inter-subject variation. Subjects were asked to record one or more of twelve mood states; 65% of readings were reported as “neutral,” 12% as “happy,” 7% as “anxious,” 6% as “tired,” and less than 1% as “angry.” After controlling for position, location, and significant moods, significant increases of both systolic and diastolic BP were observed for “angry” (4/4 mm Hg systolic/diastolic BP), “excited” (3/2 mm Hg), and “happy” (1/1 mm Hg). Significant decreases of both BPs were observed for “tired” (−2/−1 mm Hg). Heart rate changes were generally inconsistent, except for an increase associated with feeling “rushed” (1 bpm). We conclude that while position and location account for a substantial part of the overall BP and heart rate variance, the effects of position are greater than would be expected on purely hemodynamic grounds and may be attributed to unreported differences in the level of arousal. Anger was the least regularly reported mood but is associated with the largest increase of BP. In total, mood does not account for much of the variance in BP or heart rate.

中文翻译：

---

情绪、位置和身体姿势作为动态血压和心率的预测因子：多级随机效应模型的应用

尽管动态血压监测 (ABPM) 在行为研究中很受欢迎，并且人们对负面情绪在心血管疾病中的作用也很感兴趣，但很少有研究探讨情绪状态对日常血压 (BP) 和心率的患病率和心血管影响。生活。那些这样做的人使用了次优的分析技术。目前的分析基于 246 名血压正常的受试者的 24 小时动态血压 (ABP) 读数，这些受试者是正在进行的工作现场研究的一部分。受试者被要求报告每次血压读数时的位置、地点、活动、情绪和社交互动。通过基于重复测量 ANO VA 的多级随机效应模型对数据进行分析。初始分析评估位置（站立、坐着、斜躺）和地点（家庭、工作、其他）的影响。与位置相关的血压变化相对较大（8-12 毫米汞柱）并且在个体之间稳定，而与位置相关的血压变化则较小（2-4 毫米汞柱）并且表现出相当大的受试者间差异。受试者被要求记录十二种情绪状态中的一种或多种； 65% 的读数被报告为“中立”，12% 为“快乐”，7% 为“焦虑”，6% 为“疲倦”，不到 1% 为“愤怒”。在控制了体位、地点和重要情绪后，观察到“愤怒”（4/4 mm Hg 收缩压/舒张压）、“兴奋”（3/2 mm Hg）和“兴奋”时收缩压和舒张压均显着升高。快乐”（1/1 毫米汞柱）。观察到“疲劳”时两种血压均显着下降（−2/−1 mm Hg）。除了与感觉“匆忙”（1 bpm）相关的增加之外，心率变化通常不一致。我们的结论是，虽然位置和地点占整体血压和心率方差的很大一部分，但位置的影响大于纯粹血流动力学理由的预期，并且可能归因于未报告的唤醒水平差异。愤怒是最不常报告的情绪，但与血压升高最大相关。总的来说，情绪对血压或心率的变化影响不大。