Studies of reactivity to stressors have generally focused only on men. Women may react to stressors with a different adrenergic and hormonal response, however one cannot be sure that this reflects biological differences or differences in task interpretation across the sexes. Men appear to respond to behavioral stressors with a greater increase in systolic blood pressure (BP). Hemodynamic reactivity (i.e. heart rate and BP) is probably not altered by phase of menstrual cycle. Hormonal and receptor responses to stressors may well be influenced by phase of menstrual cycle; the luteal phase of the cycle may be a time of greater adrenergic responsiveness. Type A behavior and various aspects of hostility have been studied extensively as possible coronary-prone behaviors in men. However, there are very few large-scale prospective studies of such variables in women. Depressed mood has also been recognized as a potential cardiovascular risk factor, although it has received less attention than either Type A or hostility. Studies on men have reported that depression is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk even decades later, suggesting that the depression is not merely a prodrome of underlying cardiac disease. Such studies have generally not been performed on women, despite the fact that women have twice the rate of depression as men.

中文翻译：

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女性冠心病：性格和压力引起的生物反应

对压力源反应的研究通常只关注男性。女性可能会对压力源做出不同的肾上腺素能和激素反应，但不能确定这是否反映了性别之间的生物学差异或任务解释的差异。男性对行为压力的反应似乎是收缩压 (BP) 升高更大。血流动力学反应性（即心率和血压）可能不会因月经周期的阶段而改变。激素和受体对压力源的反应很可能受到月经周期阶段的影响；周期的黄体期可能是肾上腺素能反应性更强的时期。 A 型行为和敌意的各个方面已作为男性可能的冠状动脉易感行为进行了广泛研究。然而，针对女性这些变量的大规模前瞻性研究很少。抑郁情绪也被认为是一种潜在的心血管危险因素，尽管它比 A 型情绪或敌意情绪受到的关注要少。针对男性的研究报告称，即使在几十年后，抑郁症仍与心血管风险升高相关，这表明抑郁症不仅仅是潜在心脏病的前驱症状。尽管女性患抑郁症的几率是男性的两倍，但此类研究通常并未针对女性进行。