Security mechanisms of Electronic Personal Documents (eCards) depend on (asymmetric) cryptography that is and always has been subject to the threat of compromise, be it from conventional attacks or quantum computers. With Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), we now have alternative building blocks at hand that can be leveraged to protect against both kind of attacks. Thus, PQC should be incorporated into eCard ecosystems, yet it is not clear how this is done best. In the work at hand, we review the state of currently used crypto-systems for eCard security, as well as their possible quantum-secure replacements. Further, we identify and categorize respective challenges that need to be addressed, present and assess existing approaches for their solution, and formulate research questions for open issues. By providing an overview of the situation, we help unraveling the issue and pave the way toward quantum-safe electronic Identity Documents and electronic Machine-Readable Travel Documents.

电子个人文档 (eCard) 的安全机制依赖于（非对称）加密技术，无论是来自传统攻击还是量子计算机，这种加密技术始终面临着泄露的威胁。借助后量子密码学 (PQC)，我们现在手头有替代的构建块，可以用来防御这两种攻击。因此，PQC 应纳入 eCard 生态系统，但目前尚不清楚如何最好地做到这一点。在手头的工作中，我们回顾了当前使用的电子卡安全加密系统的状态，以及它们可能的量子安全替代方案。此外，我们对需要解决的各自挑战进行识别和分类，提出和评估现有的解决方法，并针对未解决的问题制定研究问题。通过提供对情况的概述，我们帮助解决问题，并为量子安全电子身份证件和电子机器可读旅行证件铺平道路。