Abstract

The successful fabrication is reported of highly crystalline Co nanoparticles interconnected with zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-12) -based amorphous porous carbon using the molten-salt-assisted approach utilizing NaCl. Single crystal diffractometers (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirm the codoped amorphous carbon structure. Crystallite size was calculated by Scherrer (34 nm) and Williamson-Hall models (42 nm). The magnetic properties of NPCS (N-doped porous carbon sheet) were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The NPCS has a magnetic saturation (Ms) value of 1.85 emu/g. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses show that Co/Co₃O₄ nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed in the carbon matrix. While a low melting point eutectic salt acts as an ionic liquid solvent, ZIF-12, at high temperature, leading cobalt nanoparticles with a trace amount of Co₃O₄ interconnected by conductive amorphous carbon. In addition, the surface area (89.04 m²/g) and pore architectures of amorphous carbon embedded with Co nanoparticles are created using the molten salt approach. Thanks to this inexpensive and effective method, the optimal composite porous carbon structures were obtained with the strategy using NaCl salt and showed distinct electrochemical performance on electrochemical methodology revealing the analytical profile of Erdatifinib (ERD) as a sensor modifier. The linear response spanned from 0.01 to 7.38 μM, featuring a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.36 nM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 11.2 nM. The developed sensor was examined in terms of selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. The fabricated electrode was utilized for the quantification of Erdafitinib in urine samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms. This research provides a fresh outlook on the advancements in electrochemical sensor technology concerning the development and detection of anticancer drugs within the realms of medicine and pharmacology.

Graphical Abstract

摘要

据报道，使用 NaCl 的熔盐辅助方法成功制备了与沸石咪唑酯骨架 (ZIF-12) 基无定形多孔碳互连的高结晶 Co 纳米颗粒。单晶衍射仪 (XRD) 和 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 分析证实了共掺杂非晶碳结构。微晶尺寸通过 Scherrer (34 nm) 和 Williamson-Hall 模型 (42 nm) 计算。使用振动样品磁力计（VSM）研究了 NPCS（N 掺杂多孔碳片）的磁性。 NPCS 的磁饱和 (Ms) 值为 1.85 emu/g。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析表明Co/Co ₃ O ₄纳米颗粒均匀分布在碳基体中。当低熔点共晶盐充当离子液体溶剂时，ZIF-12在高温下导致钴纳米颗粒与通过导电无定形碳互连的微量Co ₃ O ₄。此外，使用熔盐方法创建了嵌入Co纳米颗粒的无定形碳的表面积（89.04 m ² /g）和孔隙结构。由于这种廉价且有效的方法，通过使用 NaCl 盐的策略获得了最佳的复合多孔碳结构，并在电化学方法上显示出独特的电化学性能，揭示了 Erdatifinib (ERD) 作为传感器改性剂的分析概况。线性响应范围为 0.01 至 7.38 μM，检测限 (LOD) 为 3.36 nM，定量限 (LOQ) 为 11.2 nM。所开发的传感器在选择性、重复性和再现性方面进行了检查。制造的电极用于定量尿液样本和药物剂型中的 Erdafitinib。这项研究为医学和药理学领域抗癌药物的开发和检测方面的电化学传感器技术的进步提供了新的前景。