Abstract:

While this article begins by noting the positive role that constructivism has played in the development of psychoanalytic theory over the past 50 years, it also points to the limitations of the approach and argues they must be corrected. For at the same time as constructivism’s criticisms of biologism and essentialism have provided powerful weapons for combating psychoanalytic conservatism, an exclusively constructivist approach has also made it difficult, if not impossible, to address an essential issue for psychoanalysts: namely, the normative basis of the enterprise and the goal(s) of development and treatment. The author claims that Winnicott’s theory provides a way out of this difficulty. For although Winnicott is often construed as a strict constructivist owing to his introduction of the notion of the environment, it is argued that his concept of “inherited potential” retains biological foundation for psychoanalysis while avoiding the dangers of essentialism.

摘要：

虽然本文首先指出了过去 50 年来建构主义在精神分析理论发展中所发挥的积极作用，但它也指出了该方法的局限性，并认为必须予以纠正。因为，尽管建构主义对生物学主义和本质主义的批评为打击精神分析保守主义提供了强有力的武器，但纯粹的建构主义方法也使得精神分析学家很难（如果不是不可能的话）解决一个基本问题：即精神分析的规范基础。企业以及发展和待遇的目标。作者声称温尼科特的理论提供了解决这一困难的方法。尽管温尼科特因引入环境概念而经常被视为严格的建构主义者，但有人认为他的“遗传潜力”概念保留了精神分析的生物学基础，同时避免了本质主义的危险。