Abstract:

In recent decades, Western societies have been exposed to increasing dynamics of change and crisis as a result of ongoing globalization, and of flight and displacement in many regions of the world. The insecurity and humiliation of being more exposed to global developments than being able to influence them leads many people to seek social security. As a result, populist and far-right ideologies have become increasingly attractive to some. There has also been a revival of authoritarian thinking. Based on Erich Fromm’s concept introduced in the 1930s, its current forms are described in terms of the narcissistic self- and other-dynamics. Social science data show that, in addition to authoritarian thinking, a narcissistic longing for a homogeneous society makes populist and far-right ideologies increasingly attractive. If we analyze this phantasm of a homogeneous nation, we find at its root unconscious fantasies of care and sibling rivalry, of purity and the idea of the Other, the fantasy of a protective whole. Such ideal-narcissistic states of purity and homogeneity do not tolerate divergences and are therefore associated with paranoia and violence. Ultimately, the irreversibility of difference and ambivalence in human life is denied.

摘要：

近几十年来，由于持续的全球化以及世界许多地区的逃亡和流离失所，西方社会面临着日益激烈的变革和危机。由于更多地受到全球发展的影响而不是能够影响它们，这种不安全感和羞辱导致许多人寻求社会保障。结果，民粹主义和极右意识形态对一些人变得越来越有吸引力。独裁思想也有所复兴。基于埃里希·弗洛姆 (Erich Fromm) 在 20 世纪 30 年代提出的概念，其目前的形式是根据自恋的自我和他人动力来描述的。社会科学数据表明，除了独裁思维之外，对同质社会的自恋渴望也使得民粹主义和极右意识形态越来越有吸引力。如果我们分析这种同质民族的幻想，我们会发现其根源是对关怀和兄弟姐妹竞争、纯洁和他者观念的无意识幻想，对保护性整体的幻想。这种纯洁和同质的理想自恋状态不能容忍分歧，因此与偏执和暴力联系在一起。最终，人类生活中差异和矛盾的不可逆转性被否认。