Abstract—Due to the growing need for alkaline proteases in various industrial applications, the preference for microbial sources, such as bacteria and fungi, has surged in comparison to plant and animal-derived alternatives. These microorganisms which can be isolated from natural alkaline habitats have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale industrial production. To meet this demand, greater attention is being given to improving the enzyme yields by optimizing culture conditions employing various approaches, viz., optimization of environmental and nutritional factors, statistical methodologies for screening, strain improvement, etc. Although acidic and neutral proteases are currently in industrial use, this review focuses on alkaline proteases from various sources because of their catalytic abilities at extreme pH values. While acidic proteases do possess distinctive and valuable catalytic capabilities at extreme pH values, they are predominantly utilized in the food industry for specific applications and are primarily produced by fungi, in contrast to alkaline proteases. Considering this, the present review focuses extensively on various environmental and nutritional factors affecting alkaline protease production in submerged fermentation. Additionally, the purification methodologies adopted, and properties of alkaline proteases obtained from different sources are discussed, and the industrial applications of alkaline proteases are also highlighted.

摘要：由于各种工业应用对碱性蛋白酶的需求不断增长，与植物和动物来源的替代品相比，对细菌和真菌等微生物来源的偏好激增。这些可以从天然碱性栖息地分离的微生物已成为大规模工业生产的有希望的候选者。为了满足这一需求，人们更加关注通过采用各种方法优化培养条件来提高酶产量，即优化环境和营养因素、筛选统计方法、菌株改良等。在工业用途中，本综述重点关注各种来源的碱性蛋白酶，因为它们在极端 pH 值下具有催化能力。虽然酸性蛋白酶在极端 pH 值下确实具有独特且有价值的催化能力，但与碱性蛋白酶相比，它们主要用于食品工业中的特定应用，并且主要由真菌产生。考虑到这一点，本综述广泛关注影响深层发酵中碱性蛋白酶生产的各种环境和营养因素。此外，还讨论了所采用的纯化方法和从不同来源获得的碱性蛋白酶的性质，并重点介绍了碱性蛋白酶的工业应用。