The 2023 Mw 7.8 southeast Türkiye earthquake was recorded by an unprecedentedly large set of strong‐motion stations very close to its rupture, opening the opportunity to observe the rupture process of a large earthquake with fine resolution. Here, the kinematics of the earthquake source are inferred by finite‐source inversion based on strong‐motion records and coseismic offsets from permanent Global Navigation Satellite Systems stations. The strong‐motion records at stations NAR and 4615, which are the closest to the splay fault (SPF) where the rupture initiated and which were previously interpreted to contain the signature of supershear rupture speeds, are successfully modeled here by a subshear rupture propagating unilaterally to the northeast. Once the rupture on the SPF reaches the east Anatolian fault (EAF), it propagates on the EAF bilaterally, extending about 120 km northeast and 180 km southwest. To the south, the depth extent of the rupture decreases, as it passes a bend of the EAF. Although the rupture velocity remains globally subshear along the EAF, we identify three portions of the fault where the rupture is transiently supershear. The transitions to supershear speed coincide with regions of reduced fault slip, which suggests supershear bursts generated by the failure of local rupture barriers. Toward the southwest termination, the rupture encircles an asperity before its failure, which is a feature that has been observed only on rare occasions. This unprecedented detail of the inversion was facilitated by the proximity to the fault and the exceptional density of the accelerometric network in the area.

中文翻译：

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2023 年 2 月 6 日土耳其 7.8 级地震的运动破裂模型，来自大量近源强震记录并结合 GNSS 偏移量，揭示了间歇性超剪切破裂

2023 年土耳其东南部发生的 7.8 级地震是由非常接近其破裂的一组前所未有的大型强震台记录的，这为以高分辨率观察大地震的破裂过程提供了机会。这里，震源的运动学是通过基于强震记录和永久全球导航卫星系统站的同震偏移的有限源反演来推断的。 NAR 和 4615 台站的强运动记录最接近破裂开始的张开断层 (SPF)，之前被解释为包含超剪切破裂速度的特征，在这里通过单侧传播的亚剪切破裂成功建模向东北。一旦SPF上的破裂到达东安纳托利亚断层（EAF），它就会在EAF上向两侧扩展，向东北延伸约120公里，向西南延伸约180公里。在南边，随着穿过电弧炉的弯曲处，破裂的深度减小。尽管沿 EAF 的破裂速度总体保持亚剪切，但我们确定了断层的三个部分，其中破裂是瞬时超剪切的。向超剪切速度的转变与断层滑动减少的区域一致，这表明局部破裂屏障失效产生了超剪切爆发。朝向西南端，断裂在破裂前环绕着一个粗糙的地方，这是一个仅在极少数情况下观察到的特征。由于靠近断层以及该地区加速度网络的异常密度，这一前所未有的反演细节得到了促进。