Geotextiles have been used as filters in geotechnical and geoenvironmental works for decades. Despite their broad utilization, these filters still find obstacles to the expansion of their application in larger projects and under complex soil and flow conditions. However, environmental issues are increasingly pressing for a greater use of geotextile filters in substitution to natural granular materials. Even though many important studies in the literature have improved the understanding of soil-fluid-geotextile filter interaction, some issues still require thorough investigation aiming at a better understanding on the behaviour of geotextile filters and the development of better design methodologies. This paper discusses how geotextiles filters are expected to behave in the field and some contradictions between idealized and real behaviour. Concerns regarding the use of geotextile filters under severe and critical conditions and how filter malfunction can be avoided or minimised are also addressed as well as approaches available to predict filter behaviour. A broad investigation on geotextile filter behaviour under severe and critical conditions was carried out and shows that these filters have been very successful, particularly bearing in mind the small number of failures in comparison with the huge number of applications of geotextile filters.

中文翻译：

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土工织物过滤器：从理想化到真实行为（吉鲁讲座 2023）

几十年来，土工织物一直在岩土工程和地质环境工程中用作过滤器。尽管用途广泛，但这些过滤器在大型项目以及复杂的土壤和流动条件下的应用扩展仍然存在障碍。然而，环境问题日益迫切地要求更多地使用土工织物过滤器来替代天然颗粒材料。尽管文献中的许多重要研究提高了对土壤-流体-土工织物过滤相互作用的理解，但仍有一些问题需要深入研究，以便更好地了解土工织物过滤的行为并开发更好的设计方法。本文讨论了土工织物过滤器在现场的表现以及理想和实际表现之间的一些矛盾。还解决了有关在恶劣和关键条件下使用土工织物过滤器的问题以及如何避免或最大程度地减少过滤器故障以及可用于预测过滤器行为的方法。对土工织物过滤器在恶劣和临界条件下的行为进行了广泛的研究，结果表明这些过滤器非常成功，特别是考虑到与土工织物过滤器的大量应用相比，故障数量很少。