The transmission of viruses/bacteria causes infection predominantly via aerosols. The transmission mechanism of respiratory diseases is complex, which includes direct or indirect contact, large droplet, and airborne routes apart from close contact transmission. With this premise, two modes of droplet evaporation are investigated to understand its significance in airborne disease transmission; a droplet in a contact-free environment, which evaporates and forms droplet nuclei, and a droplet on a hydrophilic substrate (fomite). The study examines mass transport, the deposition pattern of bacteria in the precipitates, and their survival and virulence. The osmotic pressure increases with the salt concentration, inactivating the bacteria embedded in the precipitates with accelerated evaporation. Furthermore, the bacteria's degree of survival and enhanced pathogenicity are compared for both evaporation modes. The striking differences in pathogenicity are attributed to the evaporation rate, oxygen availability, and reactive oxygen species generation.

中文翻译：

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载有细菌的替代呼吸道液体液滴的蒸发：在亲水基质上与非接触环境上赋予不同的细菌感染性

病毒/细菌的传播主要通过气溶胶引起感染。呼吸道疾病的传播机制复杂，除密切接触传播外，还包括直接或间接接触、大飞沫、空气传播等途径。在此前提下，研究了两种液滴蒸发模式，以了解其在空气传播疾病传播中的重要性；非接触环境中的液滴，蒸发并形成液滴核，以及亲水基材（fomite）上的液滴。该研究检查了质量传输、沉淀物中细菌的沉积模式以及它们的生存和毒力。渗透压随着盐浓度的增加而增加，加速蒸发，从而使嵌入沉淀物中的细菌失活。此外，还比较了两种蒸发模式下细菌的存活程度和增强的致病性。致病性的显着差异归因于蒸发速率、氧气可用性和活性氧的产生。