The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak triggered vaccination efforts using smallpox vaccines that were approved for mpox, including modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA; JYNNEOS), which is a safer alternative to live replicating vaccinia virus (ACAM2000). Here, we compare the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of JYNNEOS by the subcutaneous or intradermal routes, ACAM2000 by the percutaneous route, and subunit Ad35 vector–based L1R/B5R or L1R/B5R/A27L/A33R vaccines by the intramuscular route in rhesus macaques. All vaccines provided robust protection against high-dose intravenous mpox virus challenge with the current outbreak strain, with ACAM2000 providing near complete protection and JYNNEOS and Ad35 vaccines providing robust but incomplete protection. Protection correlated with neutralizing antibody responses as well as L1R/M1R- and B5R/B6R-specific binding antibody responses, although additional immune responses likely also contributed to protection. This study demonstrates the protective efficacy of multiple vaccine platforms against mpox virus challenge, including both current clinical vaccines and vectored subunit vaccines.

中文翻译：

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ACAM2000、MVA 和载体亚单位疫苗对恒河猴 Mpox 的免疫原性和保护效果比较

2022-2023 年的 mpox 爆发引发了使用已批准用于 mpox 的天花疫苗的疫苗接种工作，包括改良的安卡拉痘苗病毒 (MVA; JYNNEOS)，它是活复制痘苗病毒 (ACAM2000) 的更安全替代品。在这里，我们比较了恒河猴皮下或皮内途径的 JYNNEOS、经皮途径的 ACAM2000 以及肌肉注射途径的亚单位 Ad35 载体 L1R/B5R 或 L1R/B5R/A27L/A33R 疫苗的免疫原性和保护功效。所有疫苗均针对当前爆发毒株的高剂量静脉注射MPOX病毒攻击提供了强有力的保护，其中ACAM2000提供近乎完全的保护，JYNNEOS和Ad35疫苗提供强有力但不完全的保护。保护作用与中和抗体反应以及 L1R/M1R 和 B5R/B6R 特异性结合抗体反应相关，尽管额外的免疫反应也可能有助于保护作用。这项研究证明了多种疫苗平台对mpox病毒攻击的保护功效，包括当前的临床疫苗和载体亚单位疫苗。