Background. Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global threat to the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly in low- and middle-income regions such as Africa. This study is aimed at analyzing antimicrobial resistance patterns in vaginal swab samples from patients at the National Health Laboratory from 2019 to 2022. Methods. This retrospective study examined patient records from vaginal swab analyses performed at the National Health Laboratory between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Health Research Ethical Approval and Clearance Committee on 15/02/2023. Results. Of the 622 samples, 83% underwent microbial isolation and identification. Citrobacter spp. exhibited high resistance (>43%) to antibiotics such as cephalexin, ceftazidime, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. E. coli showed resistance rates of more than 50% to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. exhibited resistance rates that exceeded 47% to specific antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteria have resistance rates of more than 49% with ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, oxacillin, vancomycin, and penicillin G. In particular, S. aureus demonstrated no resistance to rifampicin or clindamycin, while Streptococcus spp. showed 100% resistance to rifampicin and vancomycin. Several species, including Proteus species, Streptococcus spp., S. aureus, and Klebsiella spp. exhibited multidrug resistance. Conclusion. Most gram-negative bacteria displayed higher resistance of >45% to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Among gram-positive bacteria, a higher resistance rate with ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, oxacillin, vancomycin, and penicillin G was recorded. S. aureus showed no resistance to rifampicin and clindamycin, and Strep. spp. indicated 100% resistance to rifampicin and vancomycin. This study highlights critical gaps and areas for further exploration. Expanding the spectrum of antibiotics tested and investigating underlying multidrug resistance mechanisms would provide a more comprehensive understanding of resistance patterns.

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阴道分泌物患者的抗菌药物耐药性模式：厄立特里亚国家卫生实验室 2019-2022 年分析

背景。抗生素耐药性对细菌感染的治疗构成了重大的全球威胁，特别是在非洲等中低收入地区。本研究旨在分析 2019 年至 2022 年国家卫生实验室患者阴道拭子样本中的抗菌药物耐药性模式。这项回顾性研究检查了 2019 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日期间在国家卫生实验室进行的阴道拭子分析的患者记录。于 2023 年 2 月 15 日获得了卫生部研究伦理批准和许可委员会的伦理批准。结果。 622份样本中，83%进行了微生物分离鉴定。柠檬酸杆菌属对头孢氨苄、头孢他啶、萘啶酸、氨苄青霉素、庆大霉素和四环素等抗生素表现出高耐药性（>43%）。大肠杆菌对氨苄青霉素、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑、四环素的耐药率均超过50%。克雷伯菌属和变形杆菌属。对特定抗生素的耐药率超过 47%。革兰氏阳性菌对氨苄西林、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑、四环素、苯唑西林、万古霉素、青霉素G的耐药率均在49%以上。特别是金黄色葡萄球菌对利福平、克林霉素无耐药性，链球菌属对链球菌属耐药。对利福平和万古霉素显示100%耐药。几个物种，包括变形杆菌属、链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌和克雷伯氏菌属。表现出多重耐药性。结论。大多数革兰氏阴性菌对氨苄青霉素、甲氧苄氨嘧啶-磺胺甲恶唑和四环素表现出较高的耐药性（>45%）。革兰氏阳性菌对氨苄青霉素、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑、四环素、苯唑西林、万古霉素、青霉素G的耐药率较高。金黄色葡萄球菌对利福平、克林霉素和链球菌没有耐药性。种。表明对利福平和万古霉素100%耐药。这项研究强调了关键差距和需要进一步探索的领域。扩大测试的抗生素范围并研究潜在的多药耐药机制将提供对耐药模式的更全面的了解。