Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs) are widely employed for several applications, such as High Energy Physics experiments, as well as other research and industrial fields. SiPMs operating at low temperature, in particular, are the most interesting application for the new large particle detectors for neutrinos and dark matter experiments. In this work we present a low-noise, high-speed front-end electronics (Front-End Boards, FEBs) for large area SiPMs to be employed in the JUNO-TAO experiment for rare event searching. The FEBs are able to manage the signals coming from a 25 cm² SiPM tile, showing single photoelectron resolution better than 13% and dynamic range up to 250 photoelectrons. A careful approach to the front-end electronics design has shown to be critical in order to fully keep the exceptional performances of the SiPMs in terms of single photon detection, dynamic range, and fast timing properties. The sub-nanosecond timing properties make them suitable to work with the typical mixtures of liquid scintillators currently being used in particle and astroparticle physics experiments. The JUNO-TAO detector will achieve an energy resolution better than 2% at 1 MeV by the use of state-of-the-art SiPMs operating at -50°C. A dedicated readout system has been developed in order to collect and digitize the ∼8,000 channels needed to ensure the requested performances. A complete test report about the performance of the pre-production FEBs batch will be presented, showing the solution taken to ensure a high stability and reproducibility of the results.

中文翻译：

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用于大面积 SiPM 探测器的前端板

硅光电倍增管 (SiPM) 广泛应用于多种应用，例如高能物理实验以及其他研究和工业领域。特别是在低温下运行的 SiPM 是用于中微子和暗物质实验的新型大粒子探测器最有趣的应用。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种用于大面积 SiPM 的低噪声、高速前端电子器件（前端板，FEB），用于 JUNO-TAO 实验中的稀有事件搜索。 FEB 能够管理来自 25 cm ² SiPM 块的信号，显示出优于 13% 的单光电子分辨率和高达 250 个光电子的动态范围。事实证明，为了充分保持 SiPM 在单光子检测、动态范围和快速定时特性方面的卓越性能，仔细的前端电子设计方法至关重要。亚纳秒计时特性使其适合与目前粒子和天体粒子物理实验中使用的典型液体闪烁体混合物一起使用。 JUNO-TAO 探测器通过使用在 -50°C 下运行的最先进的 SiPM，将在 1 MeV 下实现优于 2% 的能量分辨率。为了收集和数字化确保所需性能所需的 ∼8,000 个通道，我们开发了专用读出系统。将提交一份关于预生产 FEB 批次性能的完整测试报告，展示为确保结果的高稳定性和可重复性而采取的解决方案。