Nanoscale materials have demonstrated a very high potential in anticancer therapy by properly adjusting their functionalization and physicochemical properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of some novel vanadocene-loaded silica-based nanomaterials incorporating four different S-containing amino acids (penicillamine, methionine, captopril, and cysteine) and different fluorophores (rhodamine B, coumarin 343 or Alexa Fluor™ 647), which have been characterized by diverse solid-state spectroscopic techniques viz; FTIR, diffuse reflectance spectroscopies, ¹³C and ⁵¹V solid-state NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and TEM. The analysis of the biological activity of the novel vanadocene-based nanostructured silicas showed that the materials containing cysteine and captopril aminoacids demonstrated high cytotoxicity and selectivity against triple negative breast cancer cells, making them very promising antineoplastic drug candidates. According to the biological results it seems that vanadium activity is connected to its incorporation through the amino acid, resulting in synergy that increases the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells of the studied materials presumably by increasing cell internalization. The results presented herein hold significant potential for future developments in mesoporous silica-supported metallodrugs, which exhibit strong cytotoxicity while maintaining low metal loading. They also show potential for theranostic applications highlighted by the analysis of the optical properties of the studied systems after incorporating rhodamine B, coumarin 343 (possible) in vitro anticancer analysis, or Alexa Fluor™ 647 (in vivo studies of cancer models).

中文翻译：

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钒二茂功能化介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子：开发抗乳腺癌治疗材料的平台

通过适当调整纳米材料的功能化和理化性质，纳米材料在抗癌治疗中表现出了非常高的潜力。在此，我们报告了一些新型载有钒二烯的二氧化硅基纳米材料的合成，其中包含四种不同的含硫氨基酸（青霉胺、蛋氨酸、卡托普利和半胱氨酸）和不同的荧光团（罗丹明 B、香豆素 343 或 Alexa Fluor™ 647），其特点是采用多种固态光谱技术，即； FTIR、漫反射光谱、¹³ C 和⁵¹ V 固态 NMR 光谱、热重分析和 TEM。对新型钒二烯基纳米结构二氧化硅的生物活性分析表明，含有半胱氨酸和卡托普利氨基酸的材料对三阴性乳腺癌细胞表现出高细胞毒性和选择性，使其成为非常有前途的抗肿瘤药物候选者。根据生物学结果，钒活性似乎与其通过氨基酸的掺入有关，从而产生协同作用，从而增加所研究材料对癌细胞的细胞毒活性，推测是通过增加细胞内化。本文提出的结果对于介孔二氧化硅负载的金属药物的未来发展具有巨大的潜力，该金属药物在保持低金属负载量的同时表现出很强的细胞毒性。它们还显示出治疗诊断应用的潜力，通过对纳入罗丹明 B、香豆素 343（可能）后所研究系统的光学特性的分析来强调体外抗癌分析，或 Alexa Fluor™ 647（体内癌症模型的研究）。