Radiative transfer (RT) models are critical in the interpretation of exoplanetary spectra, in simulating exoplanet climates, and when designing the specifications of future flagship observatories. However, most models differ in methodologies and input data, which can lead to significantly different spectra. In this paper, we present the experimental protocol of the Modeling Atmospheric Lines By the Exoplanet Community (MALBEC) project. MALBEC is an exoplanet model intercomparison project that belongs to the Climates Using Interactive Suites of Intercomparisons Nested for Exoplanet Studies framework, which aims to provide the exoplanet community with a large and diverse set of comparison and validation of models. The proposed protocol tests include a large set of initial participating RT models, a broad range of atmospheres (from hot Jupiters to temperate terrestrials), and several observation geometries, which would allow us to quantify and compare the differences between different RT models used by the exoplanetary community. Two types of tests are proposed: transit spectroscopy and direct imaging modeling, with results from the proposed tests to be published in dedicated follow-up papers. To encourage the community to join this comparison effort and as an example, we present simulation results for one specific transit case (GJ-1214 b), in which we find notable differences in how the various codes handle the discretization of the atmospheres (e.g., sub-layering), the treatment of molecular opacities (e.g., correlated-k, line-by-line) and the default spectroscopic repositories generally used by each model (e.g., HITRAN, HITEMP, ExoMol).

中文翻译：

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系外行星社区 (MALBEC) 1.0 版大气线建模：CUISINES 辐射传输比对项目

辐射传输 (RT) 模型对于解释系外行星光谱、模拟系外行星气候以及设计未来旗舰天文台的规格至关重要。然而，大多数模型在方法和输入数据方面有所不同，这可能导致显着不同的光谱。在本文中，我们提出了系外行星社区大气线建模（MALBEC）项目的实验协议。 MALBEC 是一个系外行星模型比对项目，属于系外行星研究框架中使用交互式嵌套比对套件的气候，旨在为系外行星社区提供大量且多样化的模型比较和验证。拟议的协议测试包括大量初始参与的 RT 模型、广泛的大气层（从热木星到温带陆地）以及几种观测几何形状，这将使我们能够量化和比较 RT 模型使用的不同 RT 模型之间的差异。系外行星社区。提出了两种类型的测试：传输光谱和直接成像建模，拟议测试的结果将在专门的后续论文中发表。为了鼓励社区加入这一比较工作，作为一个例子，我们提供了一个特定运输案例 (GJ-1214 b) 的模拟结果，其中我们发现各种代码处理大气离散化的方式存在显着差异（例如，子分层），分子不透明的处理（例如，相关-k，逐行）和每个模型通常使用的默认光谱存储库（例如，HITRAN、HITEMP、ExoMol）。