This work reports the influence of the solid-state reaction (SSR) and molten-salt synthesis (MSS) routes on the physical properties of the multiferroic BiFeO₃ (BFO) compound exploited for capacitors and memory devices. Rietveld refinement reveals that the MSS-derived BFO ceramics have exhibited a pure-phase distorted rhombohedral perovskite structure at low temperatures (650 °C) compared to the SSR method. The FE-SEM illustrates the uniform distribution of spherical-shaped BFO grains. By altering the fabrication route, the calculated bandgap values of BFO were tuned within the range of (2.14 ± 0.02) to (2.05 ± 0.02) eV based on Tauc’s plot. The suppression of oxygen vacancies led to better dielectric characteristics at higher frequencies in the MSS-prepared BFO nanoceramics. Also, the MSS-derived BFO ceramics possessed a typical canted-AFM loop with a higher M_R value of ∼2.73×10⁻² emu g⁻¹. These observations suggest that fabrication techniques have a decisive effect on the phase formation kinetics and multiferroic properties of BFO ceramics.

中文翻译：

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合成工艺对熔剂基熔盐与固态反应路线制备BiFeO3陶瓷物理性能影响的对比研究

这项工作报告了固态反应 (SSR) 和熔盐合成 (MSS) 路线对用于电容器和存储器件的多铁 BiFeO ₃ (BFO) 化合物的物理性能的影响。 Rietveld 精修表明，与 SSR 方法相比，MSS 衍生的 BFO 陶瓷在低温（650 °C）下表现出纯相扭曲的菱形钙钛矿结构。 FE-SEM 显示了球形 BFO 颗粒的均匀分布。通过改变制造路线，根据 Tauc 图，计算出的 BFO 带隙值调整在 (2.14 ± 0.02) 至 (2.05 ± 0.02) eV 范围内。氧空位的抑制导致 MSS 制备的 BFO 纳米陶瓷在较高频率下具有更好的介电特性。此外，MSS衍生的BFO陶瓷具有典型的倾斜AFM环，具有较高的MR_值~2.73×10 ^-2 emu g ^-1。这些观察结果表明，制造技术对 BFO 陶瓷的相形成动力学和多铁性具有决定性影响。