Extreme rainfall events could influence human health. However, the associations between extreme rainfall events and mortality remain rarely explored. Here, we conducted a time-series study using county-level mortality data in North Carolina during 2015–2018 to estimate the associations between extreme rainfall events and cause-specific mortality. We defined an extreme rainfall event as a day when a county’s daily total precipitation exceeded the 95th percentile of daily rainfall measurements from all of North Carolina’s counties during the study period. We employed a two-stage analysis where we first estimated the associations for each county and then used the estimates to obtain the state-wide associations by meta-analysis. Exposure to an extreme rainfall event was significantly associated with an increase in total, non-accidental, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and external mortality by 2.24% (95% CI: 0.67%, 3.83%), 2.38% (95% CI: 0.76%, 4.03%), 3.60% (95% CI: 0.69%, 6.60%), 6.58% (95% CI: 1.59%, 11.82%), and 6.92% (95% CI: 1.28%, 12.86%), respectively. We did not find significant differences in the mortality risks within age, sex, or race groups or by seasonality. Our findings suggest that extreme rainfall events may trigger the risk of mortality, especially from non-accidental diseases such as respiratory mortality.

中文翻译：

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美国北卡罗来纳州极端降雨事件暴露与特定原因死亡率的关系

极端降雨事件可能会影响人类健康。然而，极端降雨事件与死亡率之间的关联仍然很少被探讨。在此，我们利用 2015 年至 2018 年北卡罗来纳州县级死亡率数据进行了一项时间序列研究，以估计极端降雨事件与特定原因死亡率之间的关联。我们将极端降雨事件定义为一个县的日总降水量超过研究期间北卡罗来纳州所有县日降雨量测量值的 95% 的一天。我们采用了两阶段分析，首先估计每个县的关联性，然后使用估计值通过荟萃分析获得全州范围的关联性。经历极端降雨事件与非意外心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病和外部死亡率增加 2.24%（95% CI：0.67%、3.83%）、2.38%（95% CI： 0.76%、4.03%）、3.60%（95% CI：0.69%、6.60%）、6.58%（95% CI：1.59%、11.82%）和 6.92%（95% CI：1.28%、12.86%），分别。我们没有发现年龄、性别、种族群体或季节性之间的死亡风险存在显着差异。我们的研究结果表明，极端降雨事件可能会引发死亡风险，尤其是呼吸道疾病等非意外疾病造成的死亡。