This work presents the development of a front-end simulation code for the Timepix3 readout chip [1], intended as digitizer stage in full detector simulation. The front-end electronics is modelled using an integrator stage and 3 parallel feedback loops with individually configurable time constants. The main feedback discharging the integrator consists of 3 low-pass filtered feedback loops. The leakage current compensation is approximated by an additional independent low-pass filtered feed-back loop. The system noise is modelled using independent bandwidth limited noise channels for pre-amplifier, feedback and threshold noise. The Timepix3 time of arrival (ToA) and time over threshold (ToT) measurement is implemented by a discriminator model with independent rise and fall times and 2 independent clock frequencies for ToA and ToT. The measured dependence of the ToT on the pre-amplifier input charge using test-pulses of a Timepix3 assembly is correctly reproduced for a wide range of discriminator settings.

中文翻译：

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类似 Timepix 的像素前端模拟器

这项工作介绍了 Timepix3 读出芯片 [1] 的前端模拟代码的开发，旨在作为完整探测器模拟中的数字化仪阶段。前端电子器件使用积分器级和 3 个具有可单独配置时间常数的并行反馈环路进行建模。积分器放电的主反馈由 3 个低通滤波反馈环路组成。漏电流补偿通过附加的独立低通滤波反馈环路来近似。使用前置放大器、反馈和阈值噪声的独立带宽有限噪声通道对系统噪声进行建模。 Timepix3 到达时间 (ToA) 和超过阈值时间 (ToT) 测量由鉴别器模型实现，该模型具有独立的上升和下降时间以及用于 ToA 和 ToT 的 2 个独立时钟频率。使用 Timepix3 组件的测试脉冲测量到的 ToT 对前置放大器输入电荷的依赖性可以在各种鉴别器设置下正确再现。