The beginning of the 21st century marked the “modern era of galaxy surveys” in astronomy. Rapid innovation in observing technology, combined with the base built by galaxy catalogs and atlases dating back centuries, sparked an explosion of new observational programs driven by efforts to understand the different processes driving galaxy evolution. This review aims to answer the following science questions: (1) how have galaxy surveys evolved in the past 20 yr, and how have traditional observational programs been affected by the rise of large panoramic surveys, (2) can the term “nearby” be quantified in the context of galaxy surveys, and (3) how complete is the coverage of the nearby universe and what areas hold the largest opportunity for future work? We define a galaxy survey as a systematically obtained data set which aims to characterize a set of astronomical objects. Galaxy surveys can further be subdivided based on the methods used to select the objects to observe, the properties of the survey samples (e.g., distance or morphology), or the observing strategies used. We focus on pointed nearby galaxy surveys, which we define as surveys which observe a specific sample of target galaxies. Through a study of 43 nearby galaxy surveys, we find no standardized quantitative definition for “nearby” with surveys covering a wide range of distances. We observe that since 2003, traditional targeted galaxy surveys have undergone a dramatic evolution, transitioning from large, statistical surveys to small, ultra-specific projects which compliment the rise of large high resolution panoramic surveys. While wavelength regimes observable from the ground (such as radio or optical wavelengths) host numerous surveys, the largest opportunity for future work is within the less covered space-based wavelength regimes (especially ultraviolet and X-ray).

中文翻译：

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TONGS：附近星系调查的宝库

21世纪初标志着天文学的“现代星系调查时代”。观测技术的快速创新，加上几个世纪前的星系目录和地图集建立的基础，引发了新观测项目的爆炸式增长，这些项目是为了了解驱动星系演化的不同过程而推动的。本综述旨在回答以下科学问题：(1)过去 20 年来星系巡天如何演变，大型全景巡天的兴起对传统观测计划有何影响，(2)“附近”一词是否可以定义为“附近”？在星系调查的背景下进行量化，以及（3）附近宇宙的覆盖范围有多完整以及哪些区域拥有未来工作的最大机会？我们将星系调查定义为系统获得的数据集，旨在表征一组天文物体的特征。星系勘测可以根据用于选择观测对象的方法、勘测样本的属性（例如距离或形态）或使用的观测策略进一步细分。我们专注于尖邻近星系巡天，我们将其定义为观察目标星系特定样本的巡天。通过对 43 个邻近星系巡天的研究，我们发现巡天范围广泛，没有找到“附近”的标准化定量定义。我们观察到，自 2003 年以来，传统的目标星系巡天经历了巨大的演变，从大型统计巡天转变为小型超具体项目，这与大型高分辨率全景巡天的兴起相得益彰。虽然从地面可观测的波长范围（例如无线电或光学波长）进行了大量调查，但未来工作的最大机会是在覆盖较少的天基波长范围内（特别是紫外线和 X 射线）。