Merapi volcano is renowned as one of the world’s most active and densely populated volcanoes. Despite the constant high risk it presents, local residents continue to inhabit the Merapi slopes, primarily due to the ecosystem services that sustain their lives. River ecosystem services in this area are particularly vulnerable to landscape changes, largely driven by volcanic eruptions and human activities. This study aims to define the river ecosystem services by exploring the water utilization in Krasak River, which has been affected by Merapi eruptions from 2010 to 2023. The evaluation of water utilization was conducted using an ecosystem services approach, involving semi-structured interviews with 42 informants in six villages located along the upstream, middle stream, and downstream of the Krasak River. Content analysis was employed to explore water utilization practices and categorize river ecosystem services. The results revealed that water utilization in Krasak watershed comprises the use of springs and wells for supplying drinking needs and domestic needs as well as the use of rivers for irrigation water, fish ponds and recreation activities. Variations in Krasak River water utilization in different segments were influenced by water quality, quantity, accessibility, and the availability of alternative water sources. Based on local perspectives, the prominent river services encompass provisioning (e.g., irrigation, fish ponds, rural water supply, sand and stones), regulating (e.g., water quality maintenance, groundwater quantity), supporting (e.g., primary productivity), and cultural (e.g., recreation, aesthetic value) services. Challenges to river ecosystem services include concerns about river water utilization’s impact on perceptions of the river’s value and the roles of local communities and government in Krasak River management. These findings would contribute valuable insights for enhancing sustainable water resource management in the Merapi area.

中文翻译：

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通过印度尼西亚默拉皮火山的用水来识别河流生态系统服务

默拉皮火山被誉为世界上最活跃、人口最稠密的火山之一。尽管存在持续的高风险，当地居民仍然居住在默拉皮山坡上，这主要是因为维持他们生命的生态系统服务。该地区的河流生态系统服务特别容易受到景观变化的影响，而景观变化主要是由火山爆发和人类活动造成的。本研究旨在通过探索克拉萨克河的水利用情况来定义河流生态系统服务，该河在 2010 年至 2023 年期间受到默拉皮火山喷发的影响。水利用的评估采用生态系统服务方法进行，涉及对 42 名受访者进行半结构化访谈。克拉萨克河上游、中游和下游的六个村庄的线人。采用内容分析来探索水利用实践并对河流生态系统服务进行分类。结果显示，克拉萨克流域的用水包括使用泉水和水井来满足饮用水需求和家庭需求，以及使用河流进行灌溉、鱼塘和娱乐活动。克拉萨克河不同河段用水量的变化受到水质、水量、可及性和替代水源可用性的影响。根据当地的观点，河流的主要服务包括供给（如灌溉、鱼塘、农村供水、沙石）、调节（如水质维护、地下水量）、支持（如初级生产力）和文化服务。 （例如，娱乐、审美价值）服务。河流生态系统服务面临的挑战包括河流水利用对河流价值认知的影响以及当地社区和政府在克拉萨克河管理中的作用。这些发现将为加强默拉皮地区的可持续水资源管理提供宝贵的见解。