The watershed ecosystem is a complex system in which there are numerous transportation and transfer mechanisms of mass and energy. To make management more effective in all national critical watersheds, there needs to be more scientific, evidence-based policymaking that is based on an understanding of the system and mechanisms of the socio-hydrological processes of the watershed. The availability of Decision Support System (DSS) technology can be the appropriate approach to this need because DSS can be an interface between scientific and practical needs (easy-to-use, easy-to-access, user-friendly). However, the availability and implementation of DSS as an important tool in the optimal design of sustainable watershed management in Indonesia are still very limited. This study aims to create a prototype DSS that practitioners and policymakers can use to identify priority areas and optimize technical solutions for controlling surface runoff and soil erosion at various scales in the internal watershed. Herein, the spatial-based numerical modeling system and process mechanism; the database and knowledge; and the Graphical User Interface (GUI) are the three main components that have been used as a framework for model-based DSS development. A distributed rainfall-runoff-erosion model (EcoHydro) is the main engine of DSS for spatially quantifying dimensions of hydrological responses, erosion rate, and sediment production according to the user’s specifications and providing design options for control measures of them. The upper Citarum river basin in West Java, which is a critical and first national priority watershed, has been selected as the case study for DSS development and to demonstrate its application. Furthermore, the resulting DSS can later be developed for use in watersheds and other nationally critical lakes.

中文翻译：

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开发用于地表径流和侵蚀控制结构规划的决策支持系统 (DSS)：上 Citarum 流域和可持续内陆水域生态系统的案例研究

流域生态系统是一个复杂的系统，其中存在着众多的质量和能量的运输和转移机制。为了使所有国家关键流域的管理更加有效，需要在了解流域社会水文过程的系统和机制的基础上制定更加科学、循证的政策。决策支持系统 (DSS) 技术的出现可以成为满足这一需求的适当方法，因为 DSS 可以成为科学和实际需求之间的接口（易于使用、易于访问、用户友好）。然而，作为印度尼西亚可持续流域管理优化设计的重要工具，DSS 的可用性和实施​​仍然非常有限。本研究旨在创建一个 DSS 原型，从业者和政策制定者可以使用它来确定优先领域并优化技术解决方案，以控制内部流域不同规模的地表径流和土壤侵蚀。其中，基于空间的数值模拟系统和过程机制；数据库和知识；和图形用户界面 (GUI) 是用作基于模型的 DSS 开发框架的三个主要组件。分布式降雨径流侵蚀模型（EcoHydro）是 DSS 的主要引擎，用于根据用户的规格对水文响应、侵蚀速率和沉积物产生进行空间量化，并为其控制措施提供设计选项。西爪哇的芝塔鲁姆河流域上游是关键的国家优先流域，已被选为 DSS 开发的案例研究并展示其应用。此外，所得的 DSS 稍后可以开发用于流域和其他国家关键湖泊。