Abstract

We have developed a comprehensive catalog of the variable differential rotation measured near the solar photosphere. This catalog includes measurements of these flows obtained using several techniques: direct Doppler, granule tracking, magnetic pattern tracking, global helioseismology, as well as both time-distance and ring-diagram methods of local helioseismology. We highlight historical differential rotation measurements to provide context, and thereafter provide a detailed comparison of the MDI-HMI-GONG-Mt. Wilson overlap period (April 2010 – Jan 2011) and investigate the differences between velocities obtained from different techniques and attempt to explain discrepancies. A comparison of the rotation rate obtained by magnetic pattern tracking with the rotation rates obtained using local and global helioseismic techniques shows that magnetic pattern tracking measurements correspond to helioseismic flows located at a depth of 25 to 28 Mm. In addition, we show the torsional oscillation from Sunspot Cycles 23 and 24 and discuss properties that are consistent across measurement techniques. We find that acceleration derived from torsional oscillation is a better indicator of long-term trends in torsional oscillation compared to the residual velocity magnitude. Finally, this analysis will pave the way toward understanding systematic effects associated with various flow measurement techniques and enable more accurate determination of the global patterns of flows and their regular and irregular variations.

中文翻译：

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太阳的大尺度流动 I：差速旋转和扭转振荡的测量

摘要

我们开发了一个在太阳光球层附近测量的可变微分旋转的综合目录。该目录包括使用多种技术获得的这些流的测量结果：直接多普勒、颗粒跟踪、磁模式跟踪、全球日震学以及当地日震学的时间距离和环图方法。我们重点介绍历史差分旋转测量以提供背景信息，然后提供 MDI-HMI-GONG-Mt 的详细比较。 Wilson 重叠时期（2010 年 4 月至 2011 年 1 月）并研究了通过不同技术获得的速度之间的差异，并试图解释差异。通过磁模式跟踪获得的旋转速率与使用局部和全局日震技术获得的旋转速率的比较表明，磁模式跟踪测量对应于位于25至28毫米深度的日震流。此外，我们还展示了太阳黑子周期 23 和 24 的扭转振荡，并讨论了跨测量技术一致的属性。我们发现，与残余速度大小相比，扭转振荡产生的加速度可以更好地指示扭转振荡的长期趋势。最后，该分析将为理解与各种流量测量技术相关的系统效应铺平道路，并能够更准确地确定流量的全局模式及其规则和不规则变化。