Abstract

Influenza A virus has a wide natural areal among birds, mammals, and humans. One of the main regulatory adaptors of the virus host range is the major NP protein of the viral nucleocapsid. Phylogenetic analysis of the NP protein of different viruses has revealed the existence of two phylogenetic cohorts in human influenza virus population. Cohort I includes classical human viruses that caused epidemics in 1957, 1968, 1977. Cohort II includes the H1N1/2009pdm virus, which had a mixed avian–swine origin but caused global human pandemic. Also, the highly virulent H5N1 avian influenza virus emerged in 2021 and caused outbreaks of lethal infections in mammals including humans, appeared to have the NP gene of the second phylogenetic cohort and, therefore, by the type of adaptation to human is similar to the H1N1/2009pdm virus and seems to possess a high epidemic potential for humans. The data obtained shed light on pathways and dynamics of adaptation of avian influenza viruses to humans and propose phylogenetic algorithm for systemic monitoring of dangerous virus strains to predict epidemic harbingers and take immediate preventive measures.

中文翻译：

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核衣壳蛋白 NP 的两个系统发育群体及其与甲型流感病毒宿主范围的相关性

摘要

甲型流感病毒在鸟类、哺乳动物和人类中广泛存在。病毒宿主范围的主要调节接头之一是病毒核衣壳的主要 NP 蛋白。对不同病毒的 NP 蛋白的系统发育分析揭示了人类流感病毒群体中存在两个系统发育群体。第一组包括在 1957 年、1968 年和 1977 年引起流行病的经典人类病毒。第二组包括 H1N1/2009pdm 病毒，该病毒具有禽类和猪的混合来源，但引起了全球人类大流行。此外，高毒力的H5N1禽流感病毒于2021年出现，导致包括人类在内的哺乳动物爆发致命感染，似乎具有第二系统发育队列的NP基因，因此，对人类的适应类型与H1N1类似/2009pdm 病毒，似乎对人类具有很高的流行潜力。获得的数据揭示了禽流感病毒适应人类的途径和动态，并提出了系统发育算法，用于系统监测危险病毒株，以预测流行病预兆并立即采取预防措施。