G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are two essential components of the cell surface that regulate physiological processes in the body. GPCRs are the most extensive family of transmembrane receptors that control cellular responses to extracellular stimuli, while GAGs are polysaccharides that contribute to the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Due to their proximity to the plasma membrane, GAGs participate in signal transduction by interacting with various extracellular molecules and cell surface receptors. GAGs can directly interact with certain GPCRs or their ligands (chemokines, peptide hormones and neuropeptides, structural proteins, and enzymes) from the glutamate receptor family, the rhodopsin receptor family, the adhesion receptor family, and the secretin receptor family. These interactions have recently become an emerging topic, providing a new avenue for understanding how GPCR signaling is regulated. This review discusses our current state of knowledge about the role of GAGs in GPCR signaling and function.

中文翻译：

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解读糖胺聚糖在 GPCR 信号传导中的作用

G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 和糖胺聚糖 (GAG) 是细胞表面调节体内生理过程的两个重要组成部分。 GPCR 是最广泛的跨膜受体家族，控制细胞对细胞外刺激的反应，而 GAG 是有助于细胞外基质 (ECM) 功能的多糖。由于靠近质膜，GAG 通过与各种细胞外分子和细胞表面受体相互作用来参与信号转导。 GAG 可以直接与来自谷氨酸受体家族、视紫红质受体家族、粘附受体家族和促胰液素受体家族的某些 GPCR 或其配体（趋化因子、肽激素和神经肽、结构蛋白和酶）相互作用。这些相互作用最近已成为一个新兴话题，为理解 GPCR 信号传导如何调控提供了新途径。这篇综述讨论了我们目前对 GAG 在 GPCR 信号传导和功能中的作用的了解。