Snow and ice are important reservoirs of atmospheric ions, yet a comprehensive understanding of ions in snow/ice remains a challenge due to spatiotemporal limitations of field campaigns. To address this issue, mathematical statistics were employed to summarize global observational data from 49 published sources covering 546 snow and 19 ice core sampling sites. The findings show remarkable variability in ion concentrations and compositions in snow, with differences spanning 4 to 6 orders of magnitude. This variation changes with elevation, season and historical development, and differs regionally and within regions. These complex patterns of ion distribution in snow and ice are shaped by a range of factors, including local and remote emission sources, trans-regional transports, atmospheric circulations, natural climate variability, geographical features and environmental factors. This comprehensive global analysis would effectively enhance our understanding of snow and ice chemistry and its significant environmental implications, particularly in the context of a rapid changing global climate.

中文翻译：

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基于全球观测数据对雪冰芯中离子的综合评估

雪和冰是大气离子的重要储存库，但由于野外活动的时空限制，对雪/冰中离子的全面了解仍然是一个挑战。为了解决这个问题，我们采用数理统计总结了来自 49 个已发布来源的全球观测数据，涵盖 546 个雪和 19 个冰芯采样点。研究结果表明，雪中离子浓度和成分存在显着差异，差异达 4 到 6 个数量级。这种变化随着海拔、季节和历史发展的变化而变化，并且在地区和地区内也有所不同。雪和冰中离子分布的这些复杂模式是由一系列因素决定的，包括本地和远程排放源、跨区域传输、大气环流、自然气候变化、地理特征和环境因素。这项全面的全球分析将有效增强我们对冰雪化学及其重大环境影响的理解，特别是在全球气候快速变化的背景下。