Exposure to violence has severe and lasting effects on development. Despite the body of research examining childhood exposures to violence and victimization, developmental outcomes during early adolescence are poorly understood. To synthesize existing research on the effects of violence exposure on early adolescent development (youth 9–14 years old) and highlight areas for future research. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE for articles published between 2012 and 2023. Included articles focused on violence exposure related to experiencing or observing community violence, witnessing domestic violence and/or being the victim of chronic physical abuse. Twenty-eight articles spanning four developmental domains were included: behavioral, biological, neurological, and social development. Behaviorally, violence exposure posed significant effects on both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Biologically, violence exposure was strongly associated with advanced epigenetic age, accelerated puberty, and insomnia. Neurologically, violence exposure had significant associations with both structural and functional differences in the developing brain. Socially, violence exposure was related to poor school engagement, peer aggression, and low social support. This systematic review highlights varying effects of violence exposure on early adolescent development. The gaps presented should be addressed and implemented into clinical practice via evidence-based policies and procedures to ensure successful transition to adulthood.

中文翻译：

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面临暴力的青少年早期发展：正在进行的系统评价

遭受暴力会对发展产生严重而持久的影响。尽管有大量研究调查儿童时期遭受暴力和受害的情况，但人们对青春期早期的发育结果知之甚少。综合关于暴力暴露对青少年早期发展（9-14 岁青少年）影响的现有研究，并突出未来研究的领域。我们对 PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、Scopus 和 EMBASE 进行了系统检索，查找 2012 年至 2023 年间发表的文章。其中的文章重点关注与经历或观察社区暴力、目睹家庭暴力和/或成为家庭暴力受害者相关的暴力暴露长期的身体虐待。其中包括 28 篇文章，涵盖四个发展领域：行为、生物、神经和社会发展。在行为上，暴力暴露对内化和外化症状都有显着影响。从生物学角度来看，暴力暴露与表观遗传年龄提前、青春期加速和失眠密切相关。从神经学角度来看，暴力暴露与发育中大脑的结构和功能差异具有显着相关性。在社会方面，暴力暴露与学校参与度差、同伴攻击和社会支持低有关。本系统综述强调了暴力暴露对青少年早期发展的不同影响。应通过循证政策和程序解决所存在的差距并将其落实到临床实践中，以确保成功过渡到成年期。