Home noninvasive ventilation (NIV), including continuous (CPAP) and bilevel (BPAP) positive airway pressure, is increasingly used in children worldwide. In this narrative review, we present a comprehensive summary of the equipment available for home NIV in pediatrics, excluding neonates. NIV may be challenging in young children, as the majority of the equipment has been developed for adults. Regarding the interfaces, only a few masks have been specifically developed for young children in recent years, while older children may benefit from a large variety of interfaces. Even though much progress has been made, skin injuries are still present, and need to be managed rapidly. Several studies addressed the management of the side effects, but recent studies are lacking regarding orofacial anomalies. No recent study reported the available interfaces for young children and the strategies for an optimal mask fit. Regarding the devices, an adapted NIV device to pediatrics that allows an adequate patient's breathing detection should guarantee optimal ventilatory efficiency and monitoring of NIV. A close follow‐up and regular monitoring should be mandatory to rule out the potential issues, optimize NIV therapy and ascertain the efficacy of NIV. However, studies are lacking to guide the choice of devices in young children and the optimal management of home NIV in pediatrics. We summarized the characteristics of the different interfaces available for young children and the limitations of NIV devices. We finally addressed potential areas for future research on long‐term home NIV in children.

中文翻译：

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用于儿童家庭无创通气的面罩接口和设备

家庭无创通气 (NIV)，包括持续气道正压通气 (CPAP) 和双水平气道正压通气 (BPAP)，越来越多地用于全球儿童。在这篇叙述性评论中，我们全面总结了儿科家庭 NIV 可用设备（不包括新生儿）。 NIV 对于幼儿来说可能具有挑战性，因为大多数设备都是为成人开发的。在接口方面，近年来专门为幼儿开发的口罩很少，而年龄较大的儿童可能会受益于种类繁多的接口。尽管已经取得了很大进展，但皮肤损伤仍然存在，需要迅速处理。几项研究探讨了副作用的管理，但最近缺乏关于口面部异常的研究。最近没有研究报告幼儿可用的接口以及最佳面罩贴合策略。关于设备，适合儿科的 NIV 设备可以充分检测患者的呼吸，应保证最佳的通气效率和 NIV 监测。应强制进行密切随访和定期监测，以排除潜在问题、优化 NIV 治疗并确定 NIV 的疗效。然而，尚缺乏指导幼儿设备选择和儿科家庭 NIV 最佳管理的研究。我们总结了可供幼儿使用的不同接口的特点以及 NIV 设备的局限性。最后，我们探讨了儿童长期家庭 NIV 未来研究的潜在领域。