Micro and nano plastics (MNPs) have emerged as significant environmental pollutants globally, with numerous research findings extensively addressing the environmental and biohazards resulting from the bioavailability of contaminants. Rice, serving as the staple carbohydrate source for more than half of the global population, demands a concrete understanding of MNPs' toxicity in rice plants. However, the literature pertaining to the impact of MNPs on rice plant growth and development is limited and the future research scope related to MNPs exposure in rice plants is poorly defined. Thus, this review aims to synthesize current research findings regarding MNPs exposure in rice plants and identify existing research gaps. Furthermore, this review article comprehensively discusses up-to-date findings on various impacts on rice plant growth and development, covering key areas such as morphological, biochemical, physiological, metabolic, molecular, and microbial alterations. In addition, it explores MNP sources, uptake and translocation mechanisms, potential health risks, and available remedial approaches to alleviate MNPs bioavailability in rice plants. The review concludes that addressing the current research gaps related to MNPs in paddy fields requires further studies in the future. This would contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of MNPs on rice plants and aid in developing effective mitigation strategies.

微米和纳米塑料（MNP）已成为全球重要的环境污染物，大量研究成果广泛解决了污染物生物利用度造成的环境和生物危害。水稻是全球一半以上人口的主要碳水化合物来源，需要具体了解 MNP 对水稻植物的毒性。然而，有关 MNPs 对水稻生长发育影响的文献有限，并且与水稻植物中 MNPs 暴露相关的未来研究范围也不清楚。因此，本综述旨在综合有关水稻植株中 MNP 暴露的当前研究结果，并确定现有的研究空白。此外，这篇综述文章全面讨论了对水稻生长和发育的各种影响的最新发现，涵盖形态、生化、生理、代谢、分子和微生物改变等关键领域。此外，它还探讨了 MNP 来源、吸收和易位机制、潜在的健康风险以及减轻水稻植物中 MNP 生物利用度的可用补救方法。该综述的结论是，解决当前与稻田 MNP 相关的研究空白需要未来进一步的研究。这将有助于更全面地了解 MNP 对水稻的影响，并有助于制定有效的缓解战略。