Connective tissue diseases (CTD) are heterogeneous, immune-mediated inflammatory disorders often presenting with multiorgan involvement. With the advent of high-resolution computed tomography, CTD-related pleuritis—pleural thickening and effusion—is now increasingly recognized early in the disease trajectory. The natural history of CTD-related pleural effusions varies from spontaneous resolution to progressive fibrothorax with ventilatory impairment. Treatment of the underlying CTD is necessary to manage the pleural disease. Depending on the degree of symptom burden and physiological insult, specific treatment of pleural disease can include monitoring, repeated aspirations, systemic anti-inflammatory medication, and surgical decortication.

中文翻译：

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结缔组织疾病中的胸膜疾病

结缔组织疾病 (CTD) 是一种异质性、免疫介导的炎症性疾病，通常表现为多器官受累。随着高分辨率计算机断层扫描的出现，CTD 相关的胸膜炎（胸膜增厚和积液）现在在疾病轨迹的早期得到越来越多的认识。 CTD 相关胸腔积液的自然病程从自然消退到进行性纤维胸伴通气障碍不等。治疗潜在的 CTD 对于控制胸膜疾病是必要的。根据症状负担和生理损伤的程度，胸膜疾病的具体治疗可包括监测、反复抽吸、全身抗炎药物和手术剥脱术。