Drug delivery systems (DDS) have recently emerged as a promising approach for the unique advantages of drug protection and targeted delivery. However, the access of nanoparticles/drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a challenge mainly due to the obstruction from brain barriers. Immune cells infiltrating the CNS in the pathological state have inspired the development of strategies for CNS foundation drug delivery. Herein, we outline the three major brain barriers in the CNS and the mechanisms by which immune cells migrate across the blood–brain barrier. We subsequently review biomimetic strategies utilizing immune cell-based nanoparticles for the delivery of nanoparticles/drugs to the CNS, as well as recent progress in rationally engineering immune cell-based DDS for CNS diseases. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of immune cell-based DDS in CNS diseases to promote their clinical development.

中文翻译：

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免疫细胞：将药物输送至中枢神经系统的潜在载体或制剂

药物递送系统（DDS）最近因其药物保护和靶向递送的独特优势而成为一种有前途的方法。然而，纳米粒子/药物进入中枢神经系统（CNS）仍然是一个挑战，主要是由于脑屏障的阻碍。病理状态下浸润中枢神经系统的免疫细胞激发了中枢神经系统基础药物输送策略的开发。在此，我们概述了中枢神经系统的三个主要脑屏障以及免疫细胞穿过血脑屏障迁移的机制。随后，我们回顾了利用基于免疫细胞的纳米颗粒将纳米颗粒/药物输送到中枢神经系统的仿生策略，以及合理设计基于免疫细胞的 DDS 治疗中枢神经系统疾病的最新进展。最后，我们讨论了基于免疫细胞的DDS在中枢神经系统疾病中的挑战和机遇，以促进其临床发展。