Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) constitutes a group of autoimmune neuroinflammatory conditions that are characterized by positive serum MOG-immunoglobulin G antibodies. The relationship between MOGAD and immune factors remains unclear. Herein, we report a man in his early 30s who initially presented symptoms of headache and low-grade fever persisting for 20 days. The patient experienced isolated meningitis onset and had recurrent meningitis as the primary clinical feature, which manifested as low-grade fever, headache, and neck rigidity. Although cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormalities, immunotherapy was promptly administered upon diagnosing MOGAD through positive MOG-specific antibody testing of cerebrospinal and serum fluids. Notably, the patient’s symptoms exhibited rapid improvement following treatment. Although meningitis is traditionally associated with infectious diseases, it can also occur in antibody-related autoimmune diseases that affect the central nervous system. Consequently, MOGAD should be considered in cases of aseptic meningitis with an unknown etiology, to facilitate definitive diagnosis and enhance patient prognosis.

中文翻译：

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髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关疾病，临床表现为多次孤立性脑膜受累：一例病例报告

髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关疾病 (MOGAD) 是一组以血清 MOG-免疫球蛋白 G 抗体阳性为特征的自身免疫性神经炎症性疾病。 MOGAD 与免疫因子之间的关系仍不清楚。在此，我们报告了一名 30 岁出头的男性，最初出现头痛和低烧症状，持续 20 天。患者以孤立性脑膜炎起病，以复发性脑膜炎为主要临床特征，表现为低热、头痛、颈部强直。尽管头颅磁共振成像未显示异常，但通过脑脊液和血清的 MOG 特异性抗体检测呈阳性诊断出 MOGAD 后，立即进行了免疫治疗。值得注意的是，患者的症状在治疗后迅速改善。尽管脑膜炎传统上与传染病有关，但它也可能发生在影响中枢神经系统的抗体相关自身免疫性疾病中。因此，对于病因不明的无菌性脑膜炎，应考虑 MOGAD，以促进明确诊断并改善患者预后。