Correct sensor orientation is vital for seismological analysis. However, seismic sensors including both borehole and surface seismometers are often installed in incorrect orientations. Individual methods proposed for sensor‐orientation determination suffer from their own limitations and uncertainty, leaving the estimates in question before on‐site verification. We introduce a method to combine a set of seismic phase analyses, yielding accurate sensor‐orientation estimates. The method determines the sensor orientations by weighted‐averaging independent estimates from three individual sensor‐orientation analyses that are based on earthquake‐origin P waves, earthquake‐origin Rayleigh waves, and microseism‐origin Rayleigh waves. The earthquake‐origin seismic phase analyses may suffer from seismic anisotropy along ray paths even with accurate source‐location information. On the other hand, the microseism‐origin Rayleigh‐wave analysis is hardly affected by seismic anisotropy along ray paths, being applicable to any seismic station with a couple of hour‐long records. The three analyses complement each other, which enables us to determine representative sensor orientations correctly. We apply the proposed method to densely deployed 377 seismometers in South Korea, examining the sensor orientations. The representative sensor orientations are determined stably with standard errors less than 1°, supporting the accuracy of results. Borehole seismometers are poorly oriented relative to surface seismometers. The proposed method is useful for instant examination of sensor orientations of seismometers in remote regions and borehole seismometers in which physical accessibility is highly limited.

中文翻译：

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通过地震和微震记录的综合分析来正确地异地确定地震传感器方向

正确的传感器方向对于地震分析至关重要。然而，包括钻孔和地面地震仪在内的地震传感器通常安装在不正确的方向。为确定传感器方向而提出的各种方法都有其自身的局限性和不确定性，导致在现场验证之前的估计值存在问题。我们引入了一种结合一组地震相位分析的方法，产生准确的传感器方向估计。该方法通过对基于地震源 P 波、地震源瑞利波和微震源瑞利波的三个单独传感器方向分析的独立估计进行加权平均来确定传感器方向。即使有准确的震源位置信息，震源地震相位分析也可能会受到沿射线路径的地震各向异性的影响。另一方面，微震瑞利波分析几乎不受射线路径上地震各向异性的影响，适用于任何具有几个小时记录的地震台。这三种分析相辅相成，使我们能够正确确定代表性传感器方向。我们将所提出的方法应用于韩国密集部署的 377 个地震仪，检查传感器方向。代表性传感器方向的确定稳定，标准误差小于 1°，支持结果的准确性。与地面地震仪相比，钻孔地震仪的定向较差。所提出的方法可用于即时检查偏远地区地震仪和物理可达性高度有限的钻孔地震仪的传感器方向。