Two undescribed germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids, salcasins A (1) and B (2), together with three known compounds (3–5) were isolated and identified from the whole plant of Salvia cavaleriei var. simplicifolia Stib. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, such as HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The relative configurations of 1 and 2 were established by analyzing their NOESY spectra as well as by ¹³C NMR calculations with DP4+ probability analyses. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by comparing experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Furthermore, the in vivo anti-Alzheimer's disease activities of 1–5 were evaluated using Caenorhabditis elegans AD pathological model. Among all isolated compounds, salcasin A (1) significantly delayed AD-like symptoms of worm paralysis, which may be a potential anti-AD candidate agent.

中文翻译：

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来自 Salvia cavaleriei var. 的两种未描述的 Germacrane 型倍半萜类化合物。单叶Stib.及其抗阿尔茨海默病活性

从Salvia cavaleriei var.的全株中分离并鉴定出两种未描述的香叶鹤型倍半萜类化合物 Salcasins A ( 1 ) 和 B ( 2 ) 以及三种已知化合物 ( 3 – 5 )。单叶Stib.未描述的化合物的结构基于光谱方法（例如HR-ESI-MS、一维和二维核磁共振数据）被阐明。1和2的相对构型是通过分析它们的NOESY光谱以及通过¹³ C NMR计算和DP4+概率分析来确定的。通过比较实验和计算的 ECD 光谱来确定1和2的绝对构型。此外，使用秀丽隐杆线虫AD病理模型评估了1-5的体内抗阿尔茨海默病活性。在所有分离的化合物中，salcasin A ( 1 ) 显着延迟了蠕虫麻痹的 AD 样症状，这可能是潜在的抗 AD 候选药物。