INTRODUCTIONNeighborhood characteristics are increasingly implicated in cognitive health disparities, but no research has investigated how the historical context of neighborhoods shapes these disparities.METHODSFour hundred sixty‐four Black (55%) and White older adults (Mage = 63.6) were drawn from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project, a community‐based, prospective study of older adults. Participants’ addresses at baseline (2017–2020) were geocoded and linked to 2000–2017 measures of neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES): disadvantage [NDis] and affluence [NAff]. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) characterized 18 interpolated year trajectories of NSES across 1344 census tracts. Path analysis examined whether NSES trajectory classes mediated the association between race and a global cognition composite.RESULTSLCGA identified three NDis and two NAff trajectory classes, which were associated with participant race. Only one NDis class was associated with cognition, and it mediated the association between the Black race and cognition.DISCUSSIONDisinvestment in neighborhoods may be particularly salient in race disparities in cognitive function.Highlights Race is implicated in the likelihood of living in more disadvantaged neighborhoods. Historical trends in neighborhood disadvantage are associated with cognitive function in older adulthood. Identifying patterns of neighborhood change may inform neighborhood‐level interventions.

中文翻译：

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邻里社会经济地位的历史导致晚年认知的种族差异

简介 社区特征越来越多地与认知健康差异相关，但没有研究调查社区的历史背景如何塑造这些差异。 方法 464 名黑人 (55%) 和白人老年人 (M年龄= 63.6）来自密歇根认知老化项目，这是一项基于社区的老年人前瞻性研究。参与者在基线（2017-2020 年）的地址经过地理编码，并与 2000-2017 年邻里社会经济地位 (NSES) 指标相关联：劣势 [NDis] 和富裕 [NAff]。潜在阶级增长分析 (LCGA) 描述了 1344 个人口普查区域的 18 个插值年份 NSES 轨迹。路径分析检查了 NSES 轨迹类别是否介导了种族与全局认知复合之间的关联。结果LCGA 确定了三个 NDis 和两个 NAff 轨迹类别，它们与参与者种族相关。只有一种 NDis 类别与认知相关，并且它介导了黑人种族与认知之间的关联。讨论对社区的投资减少可能在认知功能的种族差异中尤为突出。 种族与生活在较弱势社区的可能性有关。 邻里劣势的历史趋势与老年人的认知功能有关。 识别社区变化的模式可以为社区层面的干预措施提供信息。