Background: Schizophrenia (SCZ) usually begins in early adult life. The underlying molecular mechanisms of SCZ remain unclear. There is evidence for the involvement of abnormalities in metabolic and endocrine systems in SCZ, even in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients (DNFES). However, the association between impaired regulation of glucose metabolism and sex hormones was not studied in SCZ. This study aimed to evaluate the interrelationship between sex hormones and high fasting glucose levels in male DNFES patients. Methods: A total of 99 patients with SCZ were recruited, and fasting glucose, fasting insulin, the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and sex hormones were measured. Results: We found that some male patients with SCZ had abnormal levels in glucose metabolism parameters and gonadal hormones that were not within the normal range. Linear regression analysis adjusted for age, waist circumference, and body mass index showed that testosterone levels were negatively associated with fasting insulin in male patients (β = -0.21, t = -2.2, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our findings confirm the abnormalities in glucose metabolism parameters and gonadal hormones at the onset of the illness in male DNFES patients with SCZ. In addition, there was an interaction effect between abnormal glucose metabolism and sex hormones in male patients.

中文翻译：

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初治首发精神分裂症男性患者的葡萄糖代谢和性激素：一项大规模横断面研究

背景：精神分裂症（SCZ）通常始于成年早期。 SCZ 的潜在分子机制仍不清楚。有证据表明 SCZ 涉及代谢和内分泌系统异常，甚至在未接受药物治疗的首发精神分裂症患者 (DNFES) 中也是如此。然而，SCZ 中葡萄糖代谢调节受损与性激素之间的关联尚未研究。本研究旨在评估男性 DNFES 患者性激素与高空腹血糖水平之间的相互关系。方法：共纳入99例SCZ患者，测量空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）和性激素。结果：我们发现部分男性SCZ患者的糖代谢参数和性激素水平异常，不在正常范围内。根据年龄、腰围和体重指数进行调整的线性回归分析表明，男性患者的睾酮水平与空腹胰岛素呈负相关（β = -0.21，t = -2.2，p = 0.03）。结论：我们的研究结果证实了患有 SCZ 的男性 DNFES 患者发病时糖代谢参数和性腺激素的异常。此外，男性患者的糖代谢异常与性激素之间存在交互作用。