The development of the latest generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) over recent decades has led to the discovery of new extreme astrophysical phenomena in the very-high-energy (VHE, E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray regime. Time-domain and multi-messenger astronomy are inevitably connected to the physics of transient VHE emitters, which show unexpected (and mostly unpredictable) flaring or exploding episodes at different timescales. These transients often share the physical processes responsible for the production of the gamma-ray emission, through cosmic-ray acceleration, magnetic reconnection, jet production and/or outflows, and shocks interactions. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview of the VHE transients field, spanning from novae to supernovae, neutrino counterparts or fast radio bursts, among others, and we outline the expectations for future facilities.

中文翻译：

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瞬变天空的极高能伽马射线视图

近几十年来，最新一代大气成像切伦科夫望远镜（IACT）的发展导致在极高能（VHE，E > 100 GeV）伽马射线范围中发现了新的极端天体物理现象。时域和多信使天文学不可避免地与瞬态 VHE 发射器的物理联系在一起，这些发射器在不同的时间尺度上显示出意想不到的（而且大多是不可预测的）耀斑或爆炸事件。这些瞬变通常通过宇宙射线加速、磁重联、射流产生和/或流出以及冲击相互作用来共享产生伽马射线发射的物理过程。在这篇综述中，我们提出了 VHE 瞬变场的最新概述，涵盖从新星到超新星、中微子对应物或快速射电爆发等，并概述了对未来设施的期望。