The area of drug delivery systems has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, with a particular focus on improving efficacy, stability, and patient compliance. Transdermal drug delivery offers numerous benefits compared to conventional methods of drug administration through the skin. It helps in avoiding gastric irritation, hepatic first-pass metabolism, and gastric degradation of the drug. It bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, eliminating the risk of first-pass metabolism and allowing drugs to be administered without being affected by pH, enzymes, or intestinal bacteria. Additionally, it allows for sustained release of the drug, is noninvasive, and enhances patient adherence to the treatment regimen. The transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) can serve as an alternative route for drug administration in individuals who cannot tolerate oral medications, experience nausea, or are unconscious. When compared to intravenous, hypodermic, and other parenteral routes, TDDS stands out due to its ability to eliminate pain, reduce the risk of infection, and prevent disease transmission associated with needle reuse. Consequently, the overall patient compliance is significantly improved with the utilization of TDDS. Among the noteworthy developments are cubosomes and ethosomes, two distinct yet promising carriers that have garnered attention for their unique properties. In conclusion, this review synthesizes the current knowledge on cubosomes and ethosomes, shedding light on their individual strengths and potential synergies. The exploration of their application in various therapeutic areas underscores their versatility and establishes them as key players in the evolving landscape of drug delivery systems.

中文翻译：

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彻底改变透皮给药：揭示立方体和乙醇体的潜力

近年来，药物输送系统领域取得了重大进展，特别注重提高疗效、稳定性和患者依从性。与传统的皮肤给药方法相比，透皮给药具有许多优点。它有助于避免胃刺激、肝脏首过代谢和药物的胃降解。它绕过胃肠道，消除了首过代谢的风险，并允许给药而不受 pH、酶或肠道细菌的影响。此外，它允许药物持续释放，是非侵入性的，并增强患者对治疗方案的依从性。透皮给药系统 (TDDS) 可以作为无法耐受口服药物、出现恶心或失去知觉的个体的替代给药途径。与静脉注射、皮下注射和其他肠胃外途径相比，TDDS 因其消除疼痛、降低感染风险以及防止与针头重复使用相关的疾病传播的能力而脱颖而出。因此，TDDS 的使用显着提高了患者的总体依从性。其中值得注意的发展包括立方体和乙醇体，这两种截然不同但有前途的载体因其独特的性质而引起了人们的关注。总之，这篇综述综合了当前关于立方体和乙醇体的知识，揭示了它们各自的优势和潜在的协同作用。对它们在各个治疗领域的应用的探索强调了它们的多功能性，并使它们成为不断发展的药物输送系统领域的关键参与者。