The two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina, Tetranychidae), is a notorious agricultural pest known for its high dispersal ability. Understanding the dispersal patterns of T. urticae is crucial for studying its population dynamics and assessing the risk of gene dispersal related to acaricide resistance. We investigated the impact of surrounding landscapes on T. urticae occurrence and detected gene flow between nearby apple orchards. Land use data within 0.2–2 km radius buffers of the orchards were extracted and summarized using principal component analysis. The effects of landscape composition on the occurrence of T. urticae in apple orchards were analyzed using a hierarchical Bayesian model that considers spatial autocorrelation. In addition, we conducted a population genetic analysis on samples collected from five orchards. The results indicate that the best model was one at a 200‐m scale, revealing a positive correlation between forest area ratio and T. urticae occurrence. The population genetic analysis demonstrated distinct genetic structures within T. urticae populations across different orchards. However, we estimated gene flow among some orchards that were geographically close. These findings suggest that T. urticae may migrate from surrounding landscapes, particularly forests, and nearby orchards to apple orchards. These findings have substantial implications for developing control units based on the gene flow range of the two‐spotted spider mite, as well as for assessing the risk of infestation in each orchard.

中文翻译：

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苹果园农业害虫双斑叶螨的小规模扩散和基因流：景观生态和种群遗传分析的启示

双斑红蜘蛛，二斑叶螨螨虫（螨科，叶螨科）是一种臭名昭著的农业害虫，以其高传播能力而闻名。了解扩散模式荨麻疹对于研究其种群动态和评估与杀螨剂抗性相关的基因传播风险至关重要。我们调查了周围景观对荨麻疹发生并检测到附近苹果园之间的基因流。使用主成分分析提取并总结了果园 0.2-2 公里半径缓冲区内的土地利用数据。景观构成对现象发生的影响荨麻疹使用考虑空间自相关的分层贝叶斯模型对苹果园中的变化进行了分析。此外，我们对从五个果园收集的样本进行了群体遗传分析。结果表明，最佳模型是 200 米尺度的模型，揭示了森林面积比和荨麻疹发生。群体遗传分析显示了不同的遗传结构荨麻疹不同果园的种群。然而，我们估计了一些地理位置接近的果园之间的基因流。这些发现表明荨麻疹可能从周围的景观，特别是森林和附近的果园迁移到苹果园。这些发现对于开发基于双斑叶螨基因流范围的控制单元以及评估每个果园的侵染风险具有重大意义。