In recent years, there has been an increase in accidents involving vessels colliding with bridge piers. These ship–bridge collisions can result in tragic loss of life and severe damage to the bridge structure. To address this issue, a type of fender pile made of winding-formed glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) was proposed as a solution. In this article, three- and four-point bending tests were performed to compare and analyze the damage modes and load-carrying capacity of the fender piles at two different winding angles, namely 45° and 75°. Vertical impact test was simulated using ANSYS/LS-DYNA to verify finite element models. The results revealed variations in damage patterns and bending performance of GFRP piles under the two fiber winding angles. The simulation results suggest that GFRP fender piles can effectively increase the impact time of ship–bridge collisions and reduce the collision forces, thereby significantly improving the protection of bridge piers.

中文翻译：

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不同缠绕角度复合护舷桩弯曲吸能性能

近年来，船舶撞桥墩事故不断增多。这些船桥碰撞可能会导致悲惨的人员伤亡和桥梁结构的严重损坏。为了解决这个问题，提出了一种由缠绕成型玻璃纤维增​​强聚合物（GFRP）制成的护舷桩作为解决方案。本文通过三点和四点弯曲试验，对比分析了45°和75°两种不同缠绕角度下护舷桩的损伤模式和承载能力。使用ANSYS/LS-DYNA模拟垂直冲击试验来验证有限元模型。结果揭示了两种纤维缠绕角度下 GFRP 桩的损伤模式和弯曲性能的变化。仿真结果表明，GFRP护舷桩能够有效增加船桥碰撞的冲击时间，降低碰撞力，从而显着提高桥墩的防护能力。