Brazil boasts one of the world’s richest biodiversities, including untapped sources of native species. Psidium cattleyanum Sabine is one of many underutilized species with potential for commercial exploitation, offering economic and health benefits. Considering this potential and the limited information on the species’ genetic structures, this study aims to evaluate genetic divergence using physicochemical and morphometric characters of 16 accessions of this species. For this purpose, a germplasm collection containing P. cattleyanum from the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA) in Brazil was evaluated. The fruits were collected and sent to the Forest Seed Analysis Laboratory (LASF) at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) for characterization. Germplasm characterization included an analysis of physicochemical and morphometric fruit characteristics. Subsequent analyses included genetic correlation between traits, genetic parameters, principal component analysis, and the Mulamba and Mock selection index for the accessions. The analysis of genetic divergence enabled identifying valuable P. cattleyanum accessions for future breeding programs, considering genetic variability based on morphological fruit characteristics. Furthermore, selection based on the Mulamba and Mock index highlighted high-performing individuals (A1.30, A1.40, A1.48, A1.44 and A1.21), enabling choices based on various characteristics for potential genotypic gains. This demonstrates the importance of a comprehensive approach in selecting accessions for species improvement.

巴西拥有世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一，其中包括未开发的本土物种资源。Psidium bullyanum Sabine 是许多未充分利用的物种之一，具有商业开发潜力，可带来经济和健康效益。考虑到这一潜力以及该物种遗传结构的有限信息，本研究旨在利用该物种 16 个种质的理化和形态特征来评估遗传分化。为此，对来自巴西伯南布哥州农业研究所 (IPA)的含有P.cattleyanum 的种质资源进行了评估。收集果实并送往伯南布哥联邦农村大学 (UFRPE) 的森林种子分析实验室 (LASF) 进行表征。种质表征包括物理化学和果实形态特征的分析。随后的分析包括性状之间的遗传相关性、遗传参数、主成分分析以及材料的 Mulamba 和 Mock 选择指数。考虑到基于果实形态特征的遗传变异性，遗传差异分析能够为未来的育种计划识别有价值的P.cattleyanum种质。此外，基于 Mulamba 和 Mock 指数的选择突出显示了高绩效个体（A1.30、A1.40、A1.48、A1.44 和 A1.21），从而能够根据潜在基因型收益的各种特征进行选择。这表明采用综合方法选择种质改良物种的重要性。