The study of reheating in inflationary models is crucial to understand the early universe and obtain information about the dynamics and parameters of inflation. The reheating temperature \(T_{re}\) and the duration of the reheating phase, quantified by the number of e-folds \(N_{re}\), have significant implications for particle production, thermalisation, and the primordial power spectrum. The duration of reheating affects the abundance of particles, including dark matter, and shapes the primordial power spectrum and the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background. By combining cosmological observations and theoretical considerations, we can constrain both \(T_{re}\) and \(N_{re}\), which in turn restrict the spectral index \(n_s\), the tensor-to-scalar ratio r, and the parameters of the inflationary model. The use of consistency relations between observables, such as \(n_s\) and r, provides additional constraints on inflationary models and determines limits for other observables, such as the running of the scalar spectral index. These limits are valuable for assessing the viability of models and can serve to specify priors in Bayesian analyses of specific models. As an example of how to proceed, we study in detail a particular case of a generalized \(\alpha \)-attractor model that accurately reproduces the observed quantities. We present equations for the conditions of instantaneous reheating, establish consistency relations, and explore the generalized \(\alpha \)-attractor model using cosmological data. We study the model defined by its potential as a given formula and, furthermore, considering its possible origin in supergravity theories, we impose constraints on the reheating temperature to avoid the overproduction of gravitinos.

暴胀模型中的再加热研究对于理解早期宇宙和获取有关暴胀动力学和参数的信息至关重要。再加热温度\(T_{re}\)和再加热阶段的持续时间（通过e倍数\(N_{re}\)量化）对粒子产生、热化和原始功率谱具有重要影响。再加热的持续时间会影响包括暗物质在内的粒子丰度，并影响原始功率谱和宇宙微波背景的各向异性。通过结合宇宙学观测和理论考虑，我们可以约束\(T_{re}\)和\(N_{re}\)，进而限制谱指数\(n_s\)，即张量与标量的比率r，以及通货膨胀模型的参数。使用可观测值（例如 n_s）和r之间的一致性关系，为通货膨胀模型提供了额外的约束，并确定了其他可观测值的限制，例如标量谱指数的运行。这些限制对于评估模型的可行性非常有价值，并且可以用于指定特定模型的贝叶斯分析中的先验。作为如何进行的示例，我们详细研究了广义\(\alpha \)吸引子模型的特定情况，该模型准确地再现了观测到的数量。我们提出了瞬时再加热条件的方程，建立了一致性关系，并利用宇宙学数据探索了广义\(\alpha \) -吸引子模型。我们研究了由其潜力定义为给定公式的模型，此外，考虑到其可能起源于超重力理论，我们对再加热温度施加限制，以避免重力子的过量产生。