AISI 317 L stainless steel replaces 316 L grade in some applications due to its superior mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Aiming at expanding its applicability to structural applications, ongoing studies are dedicated to overcoming the trade-off between strength and ductility. The stacking fault energy decreases with deformation temperature and favors stacking faulting, (nano)twinning and strain-induced martensite (SIM) formation, resulting in severe microstructural fragmentation. The effect of temperature on deformation behavior of AISI 317 L steel was investigated in samples rolled at room temperature to thickness reductions of 50% and 85% and at 77 K to reductions in thickness of 10% and 50%. The microstructural evolution was followed by scanning electron microscopy, Vickers microhardness, X-ray diffraction, magnetization, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI). The nucleation sites in the early stages of the transformation sequence γ → ε → α’ were identified in the 10% cryorolled sample. The highest volume fraction of α’-martensite reached 45.8% in the cryorolled steel to 50% rolling reduction. Much lower fractions were obtained for samples rolled to 10% reduction at 77 K (2%) and at room temperature to 50% (0.3%) and 85% reductions (1.6%). The texture components after cryorolling were Goss and Brass for austenite; rotated cube, α- and γ-fibers for δ-ferrite and α’-martensite. The ε-martensite presents the typical texture of hcp metals with a c/a ratio above the ideal value and 〈0001〉 − oriented tilted about 21° from the normal direction towards the rolling direction. The results show cryorolling as an effective method for enhancing SIM formation and promoting severe microstructural refinement in AISI 317 L stainless steel.

中文翻译：

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冷轧 AISI 317 L 不锈钢中应变诱发马氏体的形成

AISI 317 L 不锈钢由于其卓越的机械强度和耐腐蚀性而在某些应用中取代了 316 L 牌号。为了扩大其在结构应用中的适用性，正在进行的研究致力于克服强度和延展性之间的权衡。堆垛层错能随着变形温度的升高而降低，有利于堆垛层错、（纳米）孪晶和应变诱导马氏体（SIM）的形成，从而导致严重的微观结构破碎。在室温下轧制至厚度减少 50% 和 85% 以及在 77 K 温度下轧制至厚度减少 10% 和 50% 的样品中，研究了温度对 AISI 317 L 钢变形行为的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜、维氏显微硬度、X 射线衍射、磁化、电子背散射衍射 (EBSD) 和电子沟道对比成像 (ECCI) 来跟踪微观结构的演变。在 10% 冷冻轧制样品中确定了转变序列 γ → ε → α' 早期阶段的成核位点。压下量为50%的冷轧钢中α'-马氏体体积分数最高达到45.8%。对于在 77 K 下轧制至 10% 压下量 (2%) 以及在室温下轧制至 50% (0.3%) 和 85% 压下量 (1.6%) 的样品，获得的分数要低得多。深冷轧制后奥氏体组织成分为高斯和黄铜； δ-铁素体和 α'-马氏体的旋转立方体、α-和 γ-纤维。 ε-马氏体呈现出hcp金属的典型织构，其ac/a比率高于理想值，并且<0001>-取向从法线方向向轧制方向倾斜约21°。结果表明，冷冻轧制是增强 AISI 317 L 不锈钢中 SIM 形成和促进显微组织细化的有效方法。