BackgroundLongitudinal measurements of intrabreath respiratory impedance (Zrs) in preschool‐aged children may be able to distinguish abnormal lung function trajectories in children with a history of wheezing compared to healthy ones.MethodsChildren from a prospective, longitudinal community‐based cohort performed annual intrabreath oscillometry (IB‐OSC) measurements from age 3‐ to 7‐years. IB‐OSC was performed using a single 10 Hz sinusoid while clinically asymptomatic. Linear mixed‐effects models were developed to explore the effects of wheezing phenotypes, growth, and sex on seven IB‐OSC outcome variables over time: resistance at end‐expiration (ReE), resistance at end‐inspiration (ReI), the tidal change in resistance (∆R=ReE‐ReI), reactance at end‐expiration (XeE), reactance at end‐inspiration (XeI), the tidal change in reactance (∆X=XeE‐XeI), and ∆X normalized by tidal volume (∆X/VT).ResultsEighty‐five children produced 374 acceptable IB‐OSC measurements. Subjects were classified into one of three wheeze groups: never (n = 36), transient (n = 34), or persistent (n = 15). After adjusting for height, children with persistent wheezing, compared to those who never wheezed, had +0.814 hPa s L−1 ReE (95% confidence interval [CI] +0.178 to +1.451, p = 0.015), −0.792 hPa s L−1 XeE (95% CI −1.203 to −0.381, p = 0.003), −0.538 hPa s L−1 ∆X (95% CI −0.834 to −0.242, p = 0.007) and −1.672 hPa s L−2 ∆X/VT (95% CI −2.567 to −0.777, p < 0.001). Increasing height had a significant effect on all IB‐OSC resistance and reactance variables when adjusted for the effect of preschool wheezing.ConclusionsIB‐OSC is feasible for tracking lung function growth in preschool‐aged children and may allow abnormal lung function to be identified early in asymptomatic preschoolers with a history of persistent wheezing.

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学龄前儿童呼吸内呼吸阻抗的纵向追踪

背景纵向测量学龄前儿童呼吸内呼吸阻抗（Zrs）可能能够区分有喘息史的儿童与健康儿童的异常肺功能轨迹。方法来自前瞻性、纵向社区队列的儿童每年进行一次呼吸内呼吸阻抗测量（ IB-OSC）从 3 岁到 7 岁的测量。 IB-OSC 使用单个 10 Hz 正弦曲线进行，同时临床无症状。开发线性混合效应模型是为了探索喘息表型、生长和性别随时间对七个 IB-OSC 结果变量的影响：呼气末阻力 (ReE)、吸气末阻力 (ReI)、潮汐变化阻力 (ΔR=ReE-ReI)、呼气末电抗 (XeE)、吸气末电抗 (XeI)、潮汐电抗变化 (ΔX=XeE-XeI) 以及通过潮气量归一化的 ΔX （ΔX/V时间). 结果 85 名儿童进行了 374 项可接受的 IB-OSC 测量。受试者被分为三个喘息组之一：从不（n= 36), 瞬态 (n= 34），或持久（n= 15）。调整身高后，持续喘息的儿童与从不喘息的儿童相比，有 +0.814 hPa s L−1ReE（95% 置信区间 [CI] +0.178 至 +1.451，p= 0.015), −0.792 hPa·s L−1XeE（95% CI -1.203 至 -0.381，p= 0.003), −0.538 hPa·s L−1ΔX（95% CI -0.834 至 -0.242，p= 0.007) 和 −1.672 hPa·s L−2ΔX/V时间（95% CI -2.567 至 -0.777，p< 0.001）。当根据学龄前喘息的影响进行调整时，身高的增加对所有 IB-OSC 阻力和电抗变量都有显着影响。结论 IB-OSC 对于跟踪学龄前儿童的肺功能生长是可行的，并且可能允许在早期发现异常的肺功能。有持续喘息史的无症状学龄前儿童。