The respiratory system acts as both the primary site of gas exchange and an important sensor and barrier to the external environment. The increase in incidences of respiratory disease over the past decades has highlighted the importance of developing improved therapeutic approaches. This review will summarize recent research on the cellular complexity of the mammalian respiratory system with a focus on gas exchange and immunological defense functions of the lung. Different models of repair and regeneration will be discussed to help interpret human and animal data and spur the investigation of models and assays for future drug development.

中文翻译：

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肺修复和再生：人类疾病的先进模型和见解

呼吸系统既是气体交换的主要场所，又是外部环境的重要传感器和屏障。过去几十年来，呼吸系统疾病发病率的增加凸显了开发改进治疗方法的重要性。本综述将总结关于哺乳动物呼吸系统细胞复杂性的最新研究，重点是肺部的气体交换和免疫防御功能。将讨论不同的修复和再生模型，以帮助解释人类和动物数据并促进未来药物开发的模型和测定的研究。