The environment preservation has been an important motivation to find alternative, functional, and biodegradable materials to replace polluting petrochemicals. The production of nonbiodegradable face masks increased the concentration of microplastics in the environment, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives, such as the use of local by‐products to create efficient and eco‐friendly filtering materials. Furthermore, the use of smart materials can reduce the risk of contagion and virus transmission, especially in the face of possible mutations. The development of novel materials is necessary to ensure less risk of contagion and virus transmission, as well as to preserve the environment. Taking these factors into account, 16 systems were developed with different combinations of precursor materials (holocellulose, polyaniline [ES‐PANI], graphene oxide [GO], silver nanoparticles [AgNPs], and activated carbon [AC]). Adsorption tests of the spike protein showed that the systems containing GO and AC were the most efficient in the adsorption process. Similarly, plate tests conducted using the VSV‐IN strain cultured in HepG2 cells showed that the system containing all phases showed the greatest reduction in viral titer method. In agreement, the biocompatibility tests showed that the compounds extracted from the systems showed low cytotoxicity or no significant cytotoxic effect in human fibroblasts. As a result, the adsorption tests of the spike protein, viral titration, and biocompatibility tests showed that systems labeled as I and J were the most efficient. In this context, the present research has significantly contributed to the technological development of antiviral systems, with improved properties and increased adsorption efficiency, reducing the viral titer and contributing efficiently to public health. In this way, these alternative materials could be employed in sensors and devices for filtering and sanitization, thus assisting in mitigating the transmission of viruses and bacteria.Research Highlights Sixteen virus adsorbent systems were developed with different combinations of precursor materials (holocellulose, polyaniline (ES‐PANI), graphene oxide (GO), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and activated carbon (AC)). The system that included all of the nanocomposites holocellulose, PANI, GO, AgNPs, and AC showed the greatest reduction in viral titration. The biocompatibility tests revealed that all systems caused only mild or moderate cytotoxicity toward human fibroblasts.

中文翻译：

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基于亚马逊全纤维素和纳米材料的病毒吸附系统

环境保护一直是寻找替代、功能性和可生物降解材料来替代污染性石化产品的重要动机。不可生物降解口罩的生产增加了环境中微塑料的浓度，凸显了对可持续替代品的需求，例如使用当地副产品来制造高效且环保的过滤材料。此外，使用智能材料可以降低传染和病毒传播的风险，特别是在面对可能的突变时。新型材料的开发对于确保降低传染和病毒传播的风险以及保护环境是必要的。考虑到这些因素，使用前体材料（全纤维素、聚苯胺 [ES-PANI]、氧化石墨烯 [GO]、银纳米颗粒 [AgNPs] 和活性炭 [AC]）的不同组合开发了 16 个系统。刺突蛋白的吸附测试表明，含有 GO 和 AC 的系统在吸附过程中是最有效的。同样，使用在 HepG2 细胞中培养的 VSV-IN 菌株进行的平板测试表明，包含所有相的系统在病毒滴度方法中显示出最大的降低。生物相容性测试表明，从系统中提取的化合物对人成纤维细胞显示出较低的细胞毒性或没有显着的细胞毒性作用。结果，刺突蛋白的吸附测试、病毒滴定和生物相容性测试表明标记为I和J的系统是最有效的。在此背景下，本研究对抗病毒系统的技术发展做出了重大贡献，改善了性能并提高了吸附效率，降低了病毒滴度，有效地为公众健康做出了贡献。通过这种方式，这些替代材料可以用于传感器和设备中进行过滤和消毒，从而有助于减轻病毒和细菌的传播。 研究亮点 采用前体材料（全纤维素、聚苯胺（ES-PANI）、氧化石墨烯（GO）、银纳米粒子（AgNPs）和活性炭（AC））的不同组合开发了十六种病毒吸附系统。 包含所有纳米复合材料全纤维素、PANI、GO、AgNP 和 AC 的系统显示出病毒滴定的最大程度降低。 生物相容性测试表明，所有系统仅对人类成纤维细胞产生轻度或中度细胞毒性。