Carbazole-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) at the interface between the metal-halide perovskite (MHP) and the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) serve the function of hole-transport layers in p-i-n “inverted” perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here we show that the use of an iodine-terminated carbazole-based SAM increases the interfacial mechanical adhesion dramatically (2.6-fold) and that this is responsible for substantial improvements in the interfacial morphology, photocarrier transport, and operational stability. While the improved morphology and optoelectronic properties impart high efficiency (up to 25.39%) to the PSCs, the enhanced adhesion suppresses nucleation and propagation of pores/cracks during PSC operation, resulting in the retention of 96% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h of continuous-illumination testing at the maximum power-point. This demonstrates the strong connection between judicious interfacial adhesion toughening and simultaneous enhancement in the efficiency and operational stability of p-i-n PSCs, with broader implications for the reliability and durability of perovskite photovoltaics before they can be commercialized.

中文翻译：

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连接高性能倒置钙钛矿太阳能电池的界面机械粘合力、效率和运行稳定性

金属卤化物钙钛矿（MHP）和透明导电氧化物（TCO）之间界面上的基于咔唑的自组装单层（SAM）在pin “倒置”钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）中起到空穴传输层的作用。在这里，我们表明，使用碘封端咔唑基 SAM 显着提高了界面机械粘附力（2.6 倍），这导致界面形态、光载流子传输和操作稳定性的显着改善。虽然改进的形貌和光电特性赋予 PSC 高效率（高达 25.39%），但增强的粘附力抑制了 PSC 运行过程中孔/裂纹的成核和扩展，导致在 1000 小时后仍保留了 96% 的初始效率。最大功率点的连续照明测试。这证明了明智的界面粘附增韧与同时提高pin PSC的效率和运行稳定性之间的密切联系，对钙钛矿光伏发电商业化之前的可靠性和耐用性具有更广泛的影响。