Introduction: The use of medicinal plants from traditional knowledge systems has increased in recent years. Achillea fragrantissima-infused water has a historical use in relieving gastrointestinal complaints and treating skin inflammations. With the rising resistance to antimalarial drugs, finding safe and affordable new drugs is crucial. Exploring medicinal plants shows promise for drug development in the fight against malaria. Methods: The objective of this research is to examine the in vitro antimalarial activity of A. fragrantissima-infused water, as well as water-ethanol extracts of its leaves, flowers, and stems based on β-hematin formation. Colorimetric semiquantitative assessments based on β-hematin inhibition and evaluation of optical density at 405 nm were employed. Results: The results demonstrated promising antimalarial activity of the different plant parts. The aqueous flower extract exhibited strong activity, comparable to that of the positive control. The leaves extract also showed strong antimalarial activity. The stem's aqueous and ethanolic extracts exhibited lower inhibitory activity compared to flowers and leaves. Synergistic antimalarial activity was observed when mixing the stem and leaves water extracts, as well as when mixing each of the stem and leaves extracts with the flower extract. The highest synergistic effect was observed when all three parts of the plant were mixed, resulting in activity comparable to the positive control. The high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array (HPLC-PDA) chromatographic method confirmed the presence of rutin in the leaves extract. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the potential antimalarial activity of A. fragrantissima. The aqueous flower extract and leaves extract exhibited strong antimalarial activity, while the stem extracts showed relatively lower activity. Furthermore, synergistic effects were observed when combining different parts of the plant. These results suggest that A. fragrantissima holds promise as a potential source for the development of new antimalarial drugs. The confirmation of rutin presence in the leaves extract through HPLC-PDA analysis provides additional insights into the plant's chemical composition.

中文翻译：

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基于 β-血红素形成的蓍草提取物抗疟活性的体外分析

简介：近年来，来自传统知识体系的药用植物的使用有所增加。香蓍注入的水在缓解胃肠道不适和治疗皮肤炎症方面有着历史悠久的用途。随着抗疟药物耐药性不断上升，寻找安全且负担得起的新药至关重要。探索药用植物为抗击疟疾的药物开发带来了希望。方法：本研究的目的是基于 β-血红素的形成，检测香蒿注入水及其叶、花和茎的水-乙醇提取物的体外抗疟活性。采用基于 β-血红素抑制的比色半定量评估和 405 nm 光密度评估。结果：结果表明不同植物部分具有良好的抗疟活性。水性花提取物表现出很强的活性，与阳性对照相当。叶子提取物还显示出很强的抗疟活性。与花和叶相比，茎的水提取物和乙醇提取物表现出较低的抑制活性。当混合茎和叶的水提取物时，以及当将每种茎和叶的提取物与花提取物混合时，观察到协同抗疟活性。当植物的所有三个部分混合时，观察到最高的协同效应，从而产生与阳性对照相当的活性。高效液相色谱光电二极管阵列（HPLC-PDA）色谱方法证实了叶子提取物中存在芦丁。结论：本研究的结果强调了香薰的潜在抗疟活性。水性花提取物和叶提取物表现出较强的抗疟活性，而茎提取物则表现出相对较低的活性。此外，当组合植物的不同部分时，观察到协同效应。这些结果表明，A. fragrantissima 有希望成为开发新型抗疟药物的潜在来源。通过 HPLC-PDA 分析确认叶子提取物中存在芦丁，为了解植物的化学成分提供了更多见解。