Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s ability to counteract their harmful effects, playing a key role in the pathogenesis of brain and lung-related diseases. This review comprehensively examines the intricate mechanisms by which oxidative stress influences cellular and molecular pathways, contributing to neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and respiratory disorders. Emphasizing the detrimental effects on both brain and lung health, we discuss innovative diagnostic biomarkers, such as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the potential of antioxidant therapies. For these topics, we provide insights into future research directions in the field of oxidative stress treatment, including the development of personalized treatment approaches, the discovery and validation of novel biomarkers, and the development of new drug delivery systems. This review not only provides a new perspective on understanding the role of oxidative stress in brain and lung-related diseases but also offers new insights for future clinical treatments.

中文翻译：

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脑-肺串扰中的氧化应激：细胞和分子视角

氧化应激是由活性氧（ROS）的产生与身体抵抗其有害影响的能力之间的不平衡引起的，在脑部和肺部相关疾病的发病机制中发挥着关键作用。这篇综述全面研究了氧化应激影响细胞和分子途径、导致神经退行性、心血管和呼吸系统疾病的复杂机制。我们强调对大脑和肺部健康的不利影响，讨论了创新的诊断生物标志物，例如 8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷 (8-OHdG) 以及抗氧化疗法的潜力。对于这些主题，我们提供了氧化应激治疗领域未来研究方向的见解，包括个性化治疗方法的开发、新型生物标志物的发现和验证以及新型药物输送系统的开发。该综述不仅为理解氧化应激在脑和肺相关疾病中的作用提供了新的视角，而且为未来的临床治疗提供了新的见解。