Due to the important process of global warming, the improvement of soil factors, which decrease wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield gap, in the arid and semi-arid areas of the world including Iran (Kerman province) is of significance. The objective was to determine how wheat yield gap and yield components, in 15 different fields (three different locations with areas ranging from 2993 to 5175 km²), are affected by soil physicochemical properties including texture, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and chemical fertilization. Wheat yield components including tiller and grain number, fertile spike, spike length, 1000-grain weight (25–44 g), plant height, biological yield (plant dry weight) (4880–14800 kg/ha), and plant density were measured. Linear regression analyses indicated that SOC (0.23–1.51%), TN (0.02–0.15%) and available K (195–280 mg/kg) significantly affected wheat yield and yield components, which were also positively and significantly correlated. There was a positive and significant correlation between SOC, TN, and available P and K, which were negatively and significantly correlated with EC. The regression models relating soil physicochemical properties with spike length and plant height were significant (P ≤ 0.05). The R² values ranged from 0.54 (number of grains per spike) to 0.90 (plant height) and for economic (grain) and biological yields were equal to 0.75 and 0.83, respectively. The yield gap was in the range of 1245–4256 kg/ha. The improvement of soil physicochemical properties may decrease wheat yield gap in the arid and semi-arid areas of the world.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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土壤理化性质对小麦产量差距的影响

由于全球变暖的重要过程，土壤因子的改良对于缩小小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）产量差距，在包括伊朗（克尔曼省）在内的世界干旱和半干旱地区具有重要意义。目的是确定 15 个不同田地（三个不同地点，面积从 2993 至 5175 km ²）的小麦产量差距和产量构成如何受到土壤理化性质（包括质地、电导率 (EC)、pH、土壤）的影响。有机碳（SOC）、总氮（TN）、有效磷（P）和有效钾（K）以及化肥。测量了小麦产量的组成部分，包括分蘖数和粒数、能育穗、穗长、千粒重（25-44克）、株高、生物产量（植物干重）（4880-14800千克/公顷）和植物密度。线性回归分析表明，SOC（0.23~1.51%）、TN（0.02~0.15%）和速效钾（195~280 mg/kg）显着影响小麦产量和产量构成，且呈显着正相关。 SOC、TN、速效磷、速效钾呈显着正相关，与EC呈显着负相关。土壤理化性质与穗长、株高的回归模型显着（P≤0.05）。 R ²值范围为0.54（每穗粒数）至0.90（株高），经济（谷物）产量和生物产量分别等于0.75 和0.83。产量差距在 1245-4256 公斤/公顷之间。土壤理化性质的改善可能会缩小世界干旱和半干旱地区小麦的产量差距。

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