In recent decades, anthropogenic activities have led to the emergence of novel ecosystems. These are often dominated by non-native species, altering forest composition and functions. This study examines the impacts of land cover changes on runoff and erosion within a subtropical Andean watershed. It focuses on new forests dominated by different tree species (native and non-native trees). Employing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the research integrates thirty years of meteorological, topographic, and edaphic data. It aims to model, quantify, and compare surface runoff and soil loss under two distinct land cover configurations observed in 1988 and 2017. The results indicate non-linear associations: a 10% increase in forest coverage led to a 3% decrease in monthly streamflow and an 11% reduction in soil erosion. Runoff varies significantly between forests dominated by native versus non-native species. Additionally, among non-native forests, those dominated by evergreen species have proven more effective in reducing runoff and soil loss than deciduous forests used for livestock grazing. Understanding the impact of land cover changes and novel ecosystems on water and soil regulation is crucial for informing management and conservation strategies.

近几十年来，人类活动导致了新型生态系统的出现。这些通常以非本地物种为主，改变了森林的组成和功能。本研究探讨了亚热带安第斯流域内土地覆盖变化对径流和侵蚀的影响。它侧重于以不同树种（本土和非本土树木）为主的新森林。该研究利用土壤和水评估工具 (SWAT)，整合了三十年的气象、地形和土壤数据。它旨在对 1988 年和 2017 年观察到的两种不同土地覆盖配置下的地表径流和土壤流失进行建模、量化和比较。结果表明存在非线性关联：森林覆盖率增加 10% 导致月水流量减少 3%水土流失减少 11%。以本地物种和非本地物种为主的森林之间的径流差异显着。此外，在非原生森林中，以常绿树种为主的森林已被证明比用于放牧牲畜的落叶林更能有效减少径流和土壤流失。了解土地覆盖变化和新型生态系统对水和土壤调节的影响对于为管理和保护战略提供信息至关重要。